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The Pole (Germ) Plasm in Insect Oocytes

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Book cover Oocytes

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 63))

Abstract

Animal germline cells are specified either through zygotic induction or cytoplasmic inheritance. Zygotic induction takes place in mid- or late embryogenesis and requires cell-to-cell signaling leading to the acquisition of germline fate de novo. In contrast, cytoplasmic inheritance involves formation of a specific, asymmetrically localized oocyte region, termed the germ (pole) plasm. This region contains maternally provided germline determinants (mRNAs, proteins) that are capable of inducing germline fate in a subset of embryonic cells. Recent data indicate that among insects, the zygotic induction represents an ancestral condition, while the cytoplasmic inheritance evolved at the base of Holometabola or in the last common ancestor of Holometabola and its sister taxon, Paraneoptera.

In this chapter, we first describe subsequent stages of morphogenesis of the pole plasm and polar granules in the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Then, we present an overview of morphology and cytoarchitecture of the pole plasm in various holometabolan and paraneopteran insect species. Finally, we focus on phylogenetic hypotheses explaining the known distribution of two different strategies of germline specification among insects.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Bozena Simiczyjew (Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University) for providing fixed Panorpa ovarian follicles. We also thank Ms. E. Kisiel and A. Jankowska for the technical assistance.

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  1. Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland

    Szczepan M. Bilinski, Mariusz K. Jaglarz & Waclaw Tworzydlo

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  1. Szczepan M. Bilinski
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Correspondence to Szczepan M. Bilinski .

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  1. Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Malgorzata Kloc

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Bilinski, S.M., Jaglarz, M.K., Tworzydlo, W. (2017). The Pole (Germ) Plasm in Insect Oocytes. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Oocytes. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_5

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