Abstract
This book draws on institutional theory to interpret IAF changes. It is used to interpret results as it examines how institutions influence organisational actors and provides a mean of analysis. The internal audit change process is viewed as a response to the new ERP system which constrains activities and shapes the cognitive processes of internal auditors, and corporate governance’s forces that influence specific configuration of the IAF. Between these two main aspects is the process of resolution of institutional misalignments through the strategic response to institutional pressures. While the majority of researchers work from a macro- or a micro-social perspective, the two may be best understood as complementary processes. ERP technologies exert pressures on the social organisation of work. Moreover, human actions are constrained by forces beyond the control of actors and often outside their awareness. Therefore, a comprehensive model of the relation between IT and organisations would address micro- and macro-forces at the same time.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, A. (1988). The system of professions: An essay of the division of expert labor. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Abdolmohammadi, M., & Boss, S. (2010). Factors associated with IT audits by the internal audit function. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(3), 140–151.
Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency theory and the internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8–12.
Allegrini, M., D’Onza, G., Melville, R., Paape, L., & Sarens, G. (2006). The European literature review on internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(8), 845–853.
Allen, V. (2008). ERP security tools. Internal Auditor (Feb.), 25–27.
Alles, M., Brennan, G., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. (2006). Continuous monitoring of business process controls: A pilot implementation of a continuous auditing system at Siemens. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems (June), 137–161.
Alles, M., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. (2008). Putting continuous auditing theory into practice: Lessons from two pilot implementations. Journal of Information Systems, 22(2), 195–214.
Al-Twaijry, A., Brierley, J., & Gwilliam, D. (2003). The development of internal audit in Saudi Arabia: An institutional theory perspective. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 14, 507–531.
Al-Twaijry, A., Brierley, J., & Gwilliam, D. (2004). An examination of the relationship between internal and external audit in the Saudi Arabian corporate sector. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(7), 929–945.
Ang, S., & Cummings, L. L. (1997). Strategic response to institutional influences on information systems outsourcing. Organization Science, 8(3), 235–256.
Arena, M., Arnaboldi, M., & Azzone, G. (2006). Internal audit in Italian organizations. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(3), 275–292.
Arena, M., & Azzone, G. (2009). Identifying organizational drivers of internal audit effectiveness. International Journal of Auditing, 13, 43–60.
Arena, M., & Jeppeson, K. (2010). The jurisdiction of internal auditing and the quest for professionalization: The Danish case. International Journal of Auditing, 14, 111–129.
Arnold, V., & Sutton, S. (2007). The Impact of enterprise Systems on business and audit practice and the implications for University accounting education. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 3(4), 1–21.
Bacharach, S. P., Bamberger, P., & Sonnenstuhle, L. (1996). The organizational transformation process: The micropolitics of dissonance reduction and the alignment of logics of action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(3), 477–506.
Barley, S. R. (1986). Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the Social order of radiology departments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 78–108.
Barley, S. R. (1990). The alignment of technology and structure through roles and networks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 61–103.
Barley, S. R., & Tolbert, P. S. (1997). Institutionalization and structuration: Studying the links between action and institution. Organization Studies, 18(1), 93–117.
Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. (1991). The good society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. New York: Anchor Books.
Berle, A., & Means, G. (1932). The modern corporation and private property. New York: Macmillan.
Bou-Raad, G. (2000). Internal auditors and a value-added approach: The new business regime. Managerial Auditing Journal, 15(4), 182–186.
Burnaby, P., & Hass, S. (2009). A summary of the global common body of knowledge 2006 (CBOK) study in internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(9), 813–834.
Burns, T., & Stalker, G. (1961). The management of innovation. London: Tavistock.
Caglio, A. (2003). Enterprise Resource Planning Systems and accountants: towards hybridization? European Accounting Review, 13(1), 123–153.
Carcello, J., Hermanson, D., & Raghunandan, K. (2005). Changes in internal auditing during the time of the major US accounting scandals. International Journal of Auditing, 9, 117–127.
Carpenter, B. and Dirsmith, M. W. (1993). ‘Sampling and the abstraction of knowledge in the auditing profession: an extended institutional theory perspective’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 18, pp. 14–63.
Carpenter, V. L., & Feroz, E. H. (2001). Institutional theory and accounting rule choice: An analysis of four US state governments’ decisions to adopt GAAP. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26, 565–596.
Carroll, J. and Fitz-Gerald, L. (2005). Beyond an IT project: Governance in ERP-driven business transformation. In Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. Sydney: University of Technology.
Cattrysse, J. (2005). Reflections on corporate governance and the role of internal auditor (pp. 1–64). Antwerpen University, Belgium: Roularta Media group.
Chen, J. (2009). An exploratory study of alignment ERP implementation and organizational development activities in a newly established firm. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(3), 298–316.
Chen, H., Huang, S. Y., Chiu, A., & Pai, F. (2012). The ERP system impact on the role of accountants. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 112(1), 83–101.
Chowdhury, A. (2003). Information technology and productivity payoff in the banking industry: Evidence from the emerging markets. Journal of International Development, 15, 693–708.
Ciborra, C. (2000). From control to drift: The dynamics of corporate information infrastructures. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J., Krishnamoorthy, G., & Wright, A. (2004). The corporate governance mosaic and financial reporting quality. Journal of Accounting Literature, 23, 87–152.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2004). Enterprise risk management-integrated framework. New York: COSO.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2011). Internal control-integrated framework. New York: Coopers and Lybrand.
Cooper, B. J., Leung, P., & Wong, G. (2006). The Asia Pacific literature review on internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(8), 822–834.
Coram, P., Ferguson, C., & Moroney, R. (2008). Internal audit, alternative internal audit structures and the level of misappropriation of assets fraud. Accounting and Finance, 48, 543–559.
Covaleski, M. A., Dirsmith, M. W., & Samuel, S. (1996). Management accounting research: Contributions of organizational and sociological theories. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 8, 1–35.
Davenport, T. H. (1998). Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 121–131.
DiMaggio, P. (1997). Culture and cognition. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 263–287.
DiMaggio, P. J., and Powell, W. W. (1991). ‘The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality’. In W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press [Originally published (1983), American Sociological Review, 38, pp. 147–160].
Dittenhofer, M. (2001). Reengineering the internal auditing organization. Managerial Auditing Journal, 16(8), 458–468.
Douglas, M. (1986). How institutions think. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Ebaid, I. E. (2011). Internal audit function: An exploratory study from Egyptian listed firms. International Journal of Law and Management, 53(2), 108–128.
Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). ‘Agency theory: An assessment and review’, Academy of Management Review, 14, pp. 57–74.
Felix, W., Gramling, A., & Maletta, M. (2001). The contribution of internal audit as a determinant of external audit fees and factors influencing this contribution. Journal of Accounting Research, 39(3), 513–525.
Friedland, R., & Robert, A. (1991). ‘Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 232–263). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fuß, C., Gmeiner, R., Schiereck, D., & Strahringer, S. (2007). ERP usage in banking: An exploratory survey of the world’s largest banks. Information Systems Management, 24(2), 155–171.
Georgiou, O., & Jack, L. (2011). In pursuit of legitimacy: A history behind fair value accounting. The British Accounting Review, 43, 311–323.
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Glover, S., Parawitt, S., & Romney, M. (1999). Implementing ERP. Internal Auditor (Feb), 40–47.
Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F., & Wood, D. A. (2008). Internal audit sourcing arrangement and the external auditor’s reliance decision. Contemporary Accounting Research, 25, 193–213.
Gosain, S. (2004). Enterprise information systems as objects and carriers of institutional forces: The New iron cage? Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 5(4), 151–182.
Grabski, S. V., Leech, S. A., & Schmidt, P. J. (2011). A review of ERP research: A future agenda for accounting information systems. Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 37–78.
Gramling, A., Maletta, M., Schneider, A., & Church, B. (2004). The role of the internal audit function in corporate governance: a synthesis of the extant internal auditing literature and directions for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature, 23, 194–244.
Greenwood, R., & Hinings, C. R. (1996). Understanding radical organizational change: Bringing together the old and new institutionalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1022–1054.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 58–80.
Haggerty, N., & Golden, B. (2002). Theorizing technological adaptation as a trigger for institutional change. In Twenty-Third International Conference on Information Systems, Barcelona, pp. 247–255.
Hass, S., Abdolmohammadi, M. J., & Burnaby, P. (2006). The Americas literature review on internal auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(8), 835–844.
Head, W. (2009). Current trends and issues facing internal audit. Internal auditing, 24(5), 3–16.
Hopwood, A., & Miller, P. (1994). Accounting as social and institutional practice Cambridge studies in management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). (1994). ‘The IIA’s perspective on outsourcing internal auditing: A Professional briefing for chief audit executives’, Professional issues pamphlet 94–1. Altamonte Springs, FL: Institute of Internal Auditors.
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). (1999). Definition of internal auditing. Altamonte Springs, FL: The Institute of Internal Auditors. Accessible online at www.theiia.org/.
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) (2009). ‘The Financial Crisis and Its Impact on the Internal Audit Profession’, March, The Institute of Internal Auditors’ (IIA), The IIA Research Foundation’s (IIARF), Global Audit Information Network (GAIN), accessible on-line at www.theiia.org/.
International standard on auditing 610 (ISA). (2009). ‘The auditor’s consideration of the internal audit function’. Available: http://www.ifac.org.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360.
Jepperson, R. (1991). Institutions, institutional effects, and institutionalism. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 143–163).
Kagermann, H., Kinney, W., Kuting, K., & Weber, C. (2008). Internal audit handbook: Management with the SAP-audit roadmap. New York, NY: Springer.
Kallinikos, J. (2004). Deconstructing information packages: Organizational and behavioural implications of ERP systems. Information Technology & People, 17(1), 8–30.
Kanellou, A., & Spathis, C. (2011). Auditing in enterprise system environment: A synthesis. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(6), 494–519.
Kanellou, A., & Spathis, C. (2013). Accounting benefits and satisfaction in an ERP environment. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(3), 209–234.
Kholeif, A., Abdel-Kader, M., & Sherer, M. (2007). ERP customization failure: Institutionalized accounting practices, power relations and market forces. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 3(3), 250–299.
King, J. L., Gurbaxani, V., Kraemer, K. K., McFarlan, W. F., Raman, K. S., & Yap, C. S. (1994). Institutional factors in information technology innovation. Information Systems Research, 5(2), 139–169.
Kuhn, J., & Sutton, S. (2010). Continuous auditing in ERP system environments: The current state and future directions. Journal of Information Systems, 24(1), 91–112.
Kwon, I., & Banks, D. (2004). Factors related to the organizational and professional commitment of internal auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(5), 606–622.
Lapsley, I., & Pallot, J. (2000). Accounting, management and organizational change: A comparative study of local government. Management Accounting Research, 11(2), 213–229.
Learmount, S. (2002). Theorizing corporate governance: New organizational alternatives. ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
Letza, S., Kirkbride, J., Sun, X., & Smallman, C. (2008). Corporate governance theorising: Limits, critics and alternatives. International Journal of Law and Management, 50(1), 17–32.
Lewis, D. (2010). How IT can help internal audit. THE EDP Audit, Control, And Security Newsletter, 41(3), 1–8.
Ling-yu Chou, C., Timon, D., & Vincent, S. Lai. (2007). Continuous auditing with a multi-agent system. Decision Support Systems in Emerging Economies, 42(4), 2274–2292.
Madani, H. (2009). The role of internal auditors in ERP-based organizations. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 5(4), 514–526.
Majdalawieh, M., & Zaghloul, I. (2009). Paradigm shift in information systems auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(4), 352–367.
Marks, N., & Taylor, J. (2009). The current state of internal auditing: A personal perspective and assessment. EDPACS, 39(4), 1–23.
Markus, M. L., & Tanis, C. (2000). The enterprise system experience—From adoption to success. In R. W. Zmud (Ed.), Framing the domains of IT research: Glimpsing the future through the past (pp. 173–207). Cincinnati, OH: Pinnaflex Educational Resources.
Marshall, R. and Magliozzi, R. (2009). ‘The Changing Landscape for Internal Auditors in Financial Institutions’, Bank Accounting & Finance, (February–March), pp. 43-46.
Mat Zain, M., Subramaniam, N., & Stewart, J. (2006). Internal auditors’ assessment of their contribution to financial statement audits: The relation with audit committee and internal audit function characteristics. International Journal of Auditing, 10(1), 1–18.
Matyjewicz, G., & D’Arcangelo, J. R. (2004). ERM based auditing. Internal Auditing, 19(6), 4–18.
Mautz, R., Tiessen, P. and Colson, R. (1984). ‘Internal Auditing: Directions and Opportunities’, The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation, Altamonte Springs, FL.
Merhout, J., & Buchman, S. (2007). Requisite skills and knowledge for entry-level IT auditors. Journal of Information System Education, 18, 469–477.
Meyer, J. W. (1994). Rationalised environments. In J. W. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Institutional environments and organizations: Structural complexity and individualism (pp. 28–54). London: Sage.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalised organisations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
Mignerat, M., & Rivard, S. (2005). Positioning the Institutional Perspective in Information Technology Research. Paper presented at the ASC, Toronto, Ontario.
Mignerat, M., & Rivard, S. (2009). Positioning the institutional perspective in information systems research. Journal of Information Technology, 24, 369–391.
Mihret, D. G., & Yismaw, A. W. (2007). Internal audit effectiveness: An Ethiopian public sector case study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(5), 470–484.
Modell, S. (2003). ‘Goals versus institutions: the development of performance measurement in the Swedish university sector’, Management Accounting Research, 14(4), pp. 333–359.
Munro, L., & Stewart, J. (2010). External auditors’ reliance on internal audit: The impact of sourcing arrangements and consulting activities. Accounting and Finance, 50, 371–387.
Nagy, A. L., & Cenker, W. J. (2002). An assessment of the newly defined internal audit function. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(3), 130–137.
Nwankpa, J., & Datta, P. (2012). Perceived audit quality from ERP implementations. Information Resources Management Journal, 25(1), 61–80.
Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16, 145–179.
Orlikowski, W. J. (1992). The duality of technology: Rethinking the concept of technology in organizations. Organization Science, 3(3), 398–427.
Orlikowski, W. J., & Barley, S. R. (2001). Technology and institutions: What can research on information technology and research on organizations learn from each other? MIS Quarterly, 25(2), 145–165.
Paape, L., Scheffe, J., & Snoep, P. (2003). The relationship between the internal audit function and corporate governance in the EU—A survey. International Journal of Auditing, 7(3), 247–262.
Perrow, C. (1985). Overboard with myths and symbols. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 151–155.
Petter, S., DeLone, W., & McLean, E. (2008). Measuring information systems success: Models, dimensions, measures, and interrelationships. European Journal of Information Systems, 17, 236–263.
Power, M. K. (2003). Auditing and the production of legitimacy. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 28(4), 379–394.
PwC. (2007). State of the internal audit profession study: pressures build for continual focus on risk. Available at http://www.pwc.com/images/gx/eng/about/svcs/grms/07_IAState_profession_study.pdf.
PwC. (2009). State of the internal audit profession study: Internal audit weighs its role amid the recession and evolving enterprise risks. PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Robson, K., Humphrey, C., Khalifa, R., & Jones, J. (2007). Transforming audit technologies: Business risk audit methodologies and the audit field. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32, 409–438.
Saharia, A., Koch, B., & Tucker, R. (2008). ERP systems and internal audit. Issues in Information Systems, XL, 2, 578–586.
Sandhu, S. (2009). Strategic communication: An institutional perspective. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 3(2), 72–92.
Sarens, G. (2009). Internal auditing research: Where are we going? International Journal of Auditing, 13, 1–7.
Sarens, G., Allegrini, M., D’Onza, G., & Melville, R. (2011). Are internal auditing practices related to the age of the internal audit function?: Exploratory evidence and directions for future research. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(1), 51–64.
Sarens, G., & Christopher, J. (2010). The association between corporate governance guidelines and risk management and internal control practices. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(4), 288–308.
Sarens, G., & De Beelde, I. (2006). Building a research model for internal auditing: Insights from literature and theory specification cases. International journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 3(4), 452–470.
Scapens, R. W. (1994). Never mind the gap: Towards an institutional perspective on management accounting practices. Management Accounting Research, 5, 301–321.
Scapens, B., & Jazayeri, M. (2003). ERP systems and management accounting change: Opportunities or impacts? A research note. European Accounting Review, 12(1), 201–233.
Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations: Foundations for organizational science. London: Sage.
Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Scott, W. (2005). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: California Sage Publications Inc.
Scott, W. (2008). Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: California Sage Publications Inc.
Searcy, D.L. and Woodroof, J.B. (2003). ‘Continuous auditing: leveraging technology’, The CPA Journal, May, pp. 46–48.
Selim, G., Woodward, S., & Allegrini, M. (2009). Internal auditing and consult in practice: A comparison between UK/Ireland and Italy. International Journal of Auditing, 13, 9–25.
Sia, S., Tang, M., Soh, C., & Boh, W. (2002). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as a technology of power: Empowerment or panoptic control? The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, 33(1), 23–37.
Smith, G. (2000). Why internal auditing must change to survive. The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance (May/June), 11–15.
Soh, C., Kien, S. S., & Tay-Yap, J. (2000). Cultural fits and misfits: Is ERP a universal solution? Communications of the ACM, 43(4), 47–51.
Soh, C., & Sia, S. K. (2004). An institutional perspective on sources of ERP package-organization misalignment. Journal of Strategic Information System, 13, 375–397.
Spathis, C., & Constantinides, S. (2004). Enterprise resource planning systems’ impact on accounting processes. Business Process Management Journal, 10(2), 234–247.
Spira, L. F., & Page, M. (2003). Risk management: The reinvention of internal control and the changing role of internal audit. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 16(4), 640–661.
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20, 571–610.
Sumners, G., & Soileau, J. (2008). Addressing internal audit staffing challenges. EDPACS; ABI/INFORM Research, 37(3), 1–11.
Thornton, P. (2002). The rise of the corporation in a craft industry: Conflict and conformity in institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 81–101.
Tolbert, P. S., & Lynne, G. Zucker. (1983). institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of Civil Service Reform, 1880–1935. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(1), 22–39.
Tolbert, P. S., & Zucker, L. G. (1996). The institutionalization of institutional theory. In S. Clegg, C. Hardy, & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Handbook of organization studies (pp. 175–190). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Tryfonas, T., & Kearney, B. (2008). Standardizing business application security assessments with pattern-driven audit automations. Computer Standards and Interfaces, 30(4), 262–270.
Vasarhelyi, M., Alles, M., & Kogan, A. (2004). Principles of analytic monitoring for continuous assurance. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 1, 1–21.
Wright, S., & Wright, A. (2002). Information system assurance for enterprise resource planning systems: Unique risk considerations. Journal of Information Systems, 16(supplement), 99–113.
Yoo, Y., Lyytinen, K., & Berente, N. (2007). An institutional analysis of pluralistic responses to enterprise system implementations. In International Conference on Information Systems, pp. 1–19.
Zain, M., Subramaniam, N., & Stewart, J. (2006). Internal auditors’ assessment of their contribution to financial statement audits: The relation with audit committee and internal audit function characteristics. International Journal of Auditing, 10, 1–18.
Zucker, Lynne G. (1977). ‘The Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence’, American Sociological Review, 42, 726–743.
Zucker, L. G. (1987). Institutional theories of organization. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 443–464.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Elbardan, H., Kholeif, A.O. (2017). The Legitimacy of Internal Auditing Practice. In: Enterprise Resource Planning, Corporate Governance and Internal Auditing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54990-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54990-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54989-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54990-3
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)