Abstract
The use of “Emoticons” and “Emojis” in social media as well as most online writing has become the de-facto standard on how to express emotions, feelings, etc. Although there are more that 1,000 emojis, not much has been done to understand the way in which people use these characters. The large set of emojis available brings two questions: (i) How can users make full use of the emojis available? and (ii) Would it be possible to build a recommendation system for emoji usage in text? This paper moves towards a greater understanding of emoji usage by mapping possible relations between these special characters in common text. We look at possible regularities in emoji usages in written, subject-specific, text corpora. We build co-occurrence networks of emoji based on two datasets and show that the structure of these networks are not random and more like a truncated power-law, but more interesting, we show that the structure has similar characteristics despite the text being subject-specific.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barbieri, F., Ronzano, F., Saggion, H.: What does this emoji mean? a vector space skip-gram model for twitter emojis. In: Language Resources and Evaluation conference, LREC, Portoroz, Slovenia (2016)
Barrat, A., Barthelemy, M., Pastor-Satorras, R., Vespignani, A.: The architecture of complex weighted networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(11), 3747–3752 (2004)
Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Brass, D.J., Labianca, G.: Network analysis in the social sciences. Science 323(5916), 892–895 (2009)
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J., Minkov, M.: Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, vol. 2. Citeseer (1991)
Ljubešic, N., Fišer, D.: A global analysis of emoji usage. In: ACL 2016, pp. 82 (2016)
Lu, X., Ai, W., Liu, X., Li, Q., Wang, N., Huang, G., Mei, Q.: Learning from the ubiquitous language: an empirical analysis of emoji usage of smartphone users. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 770–780. ACM (2016)
Novak, P.K., Smailović, J., Sluban, B., Mozetič, I.: Sentiment of emojis. PloS one 10(12), e0144296 (2015)
Panksepp, J.: Affective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Conscious. Cogn. 14(1), 30–80 (2005)
Pavalanathan, U., Eisenstein, J.: Emoticons vs. emojis on twitter: a causal inference approach (2015). arXiv:1510.08480
Tauch, C., Kanjo, E.: The roles of emojis in mobile phone notifications. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct, pp. 1560–1565. ACM (2016)
Wijeratne, S., Balasuriya, L., Sheth, A., Doran, D.: Emojinet: building a machine readable sense inventory for emoji. In: International Conference on Social Informatics, pp. 527–541. Springer (2016)
Xulvi-Brunet, R., Sokolov, I.M.: Changing correlations in networks: assortativity and dissortativity. Acta Phys. Pol. B 36, 1431 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Seyednezhad, S.M.M., Menezes, R. (2017). Understanding Subject-Based Emoji Usage Using Network Science. In: Gonçalves, B., Menezes, R., Sinatra, R., Zlatic, V. (eds) Complex Networks VIII. CompleNet 2017. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54241-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54241-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54240-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54241-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)