Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Rare Metal Technology 2017 pp 225–233Cite as

Behavior of Sec-Octylphenoxy Acetic Acid (CA-12) in Yttrium Recovery from High Concentrated Heavy Rare Earths Mixture

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

Abstract

The solvent extraction technique is the only industrial way used to separate and purificate yttrium from other rare earths. In order to improve this process several extractants have been tested during last years. In this work, the behavior of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) in Yttrium recovery from high concentrated heavy rare earth mixture was investigated. Sodium hydroxide solution was used in order to presaponify organic phase composed by CA-12 and Tributyl phosphate (TBP) diluted in kerosene. In the investigated condition, TBP confirmed its role of phase modifier not significantly altering the extraction behavior of CA-12. The CA-12-TBP system showed a high affinity in extraction for lighter rare earths such as Sm, Eu, and Gd, leaving yttrium in aqueous phase. Using a feed concentration (∑ [RE]) of 1 M, organic mixture is capable to extract around the 70% of metals in a single extraction test showing this extraction sequence Y < Lu < Yb < Tm < Er < Ho < Dy < Tb < Gd < Eu < Sm. Moreover for [CA-12] = 1.79 M and [RE] = 2 M the instability of extraction system occurs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  1. Report on Critical Raw Materials for the EU, May 2014, http://www.amg-nv.com/files/Report-on-Critical-Raw-Materials-for-the-EU-2014.pdf

  2. C.H. Yan, J.T. Jia, C.S. Liao, S. Wu, G.X. Xu, Rare earth separation in China. Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 11, 241–247 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M.R. Krames, H.A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, P. Schmidt, Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white LED, Phys. Status solidi (a) (2005) 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  4. J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols (ed.), Handbook of mineralogy (Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA), pp. 20151–1110. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/

  5. A. Peng, Z.R. Dai, C.X. Wang, Collect. Rare Earth 39 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  6. G.X. Xu, ChY Yuan, Solvent extraction of rare earths, 1st edn. (Science Press, Beijing, 1987), p. 89

    Google Scholar 

  7. E. Antico, A. Masanaa, M. Hidalgo, V. Salvado, M. Iglesias, M. Valiente, Solvent extraction of yttrium from chloride media by di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid in kerosene. Speciation studies and gel formation. Anal. Chim. Acta 327, 267–276 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M.I. Saleh, M.F. Bari, B. Saad, Solvent extraction of lanthanum(III) from acidic nitrate-acetato medium by Cyanex 272 in toluene. Hydrometallurgy 63, 75–84 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Ramachandra Reddy, S. Radhika, B. Nagaphani Kumar, Liquid-liquid extraction studies of trivalent yttrium from phosphoric acid solutions using TOPS 99 as an Extractant, Sep. Sci. Technol. 45, 1426–1432 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Blasi, C. Sposato, G. Devincenzis, P. Garzone, M. Morgana, Definition of the process to separate light rare earths by working with (2-Ethylexyl)-Mono(2-Ethylexyl)ester phosphonic acid (P507) in a mixer settler battery. Rare Metal Technol. 2014, 197–200 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. Sposato, A. Blasi, G. Devincenzis, P. Garzone, M. Morgana, Comparison among different extractants, As (2-ethylhexyl)-mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester phosphonic acid (P507), secondary-octyl phenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) and BIS(2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (CYANEX272), in the separation of heavy rare earths via hydrometallurgical processes. Rare Metal Technol. 2014, 201–206 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  12. M.L.P. Reddy, R.L. Varma, T.R. Ramamohan, S.K. Sahu, V. Chakravortty, Cyanex 923 as an extractant for trivalent lanthanides and yttrium. Solv. Extr. Ion Exchange 16, 795–812 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. B. Gupta, P. Malik, A. Deep, Solvent extraction and separation of tervalent lanthanides and yttrium using cyanex 923. Solv. Extr. Ion Exchange 21, 239–258 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Wu, C. Niu, D.Q. Li, Y. Bai, Solvent extraction of scandium(III), yttrium(III), lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III) using cyanex 302 in heptane from hydrochloric acid solutions. J. Alloy. Compd. 374, 442–446 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei Li, Xianglan Wang, ShulanMeng, Deqian Li, Ying Xiong, Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid in chloride media. Sep. Purif. Technol. 54, 164–169 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D.Q. Li, S.L. Meng, A process of liquid-liquid extraction and separation of high purity yttrium, CN Patent 99118261.8, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  17. D.Q. Li, Progress in separation processes of rare earths, in Paper presented at The 4th International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Application, Beijing, 2001, pp. 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Wang, W. Liao, D. Li, A solvent extraction process with mixture of CA12 and Cyanex272 for the preparation of high purity yttrium oxide from rare earth ores. Sep. Purif. Technol. 82, 197–201 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Marcus, Ion properties (M. Dekker, New York, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank R&D division of Treibacher Industrie, in particular Dr. Stephan Pirker, Dr. Christiane Kartusch and Gunther Bierbaumer for support and help during this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Research Center of Trisaia, S.S. 106 Ionica, km 419 + 500, 75026, Rotondella, MT, Italy

    Corradino Sposato, Alessandro Blasi, Assunta Romanelli, Giacobbe Braccio & Massimo Morgana

Authors
  1. Corradino Sposato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alessandro Blasi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Assunta Romanelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Giacobbe Braccio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Massimo Morgana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Corradino Sposato .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

    Hojong Kim

  2. The University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Shafiq Alam

  3. IND LLC , South Jordan, Utah, USA

    Neale R. Neelameggham

  4. Umicore , Olen, Belgium

    Harald Oosterhof

  5. MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Takanari Ouchi

  6. WATERTOWN, Massachusetts, USA

    Xiaofei Guan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

About this paper

Cite this paper

Sposato, C., Blasi, A., Romanelli, A., Braccio, G., Morgana, M. (2017). Behavior of Sec-Octylphenoxy Acetic Acid (CA-12) in Yttrium Recovery from High Concentrated Heavy Rare Earths Mixture. In: Kim, H., Alam, S., Neelameggham, N., Oosterhof, H., Ouchi, T., Guan, X. (eds) Rare Metal Technology 2017. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51085-9_24

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation