Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Glaciers of Georgia pp 17–88Cite as

The New Inventory and General Description of the Modern Glaciers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Geography of the Physical Environment ((GEOPHY))

Abstract

This chapter discusses the glaciers’ new inventory methodology. Digitalization methods are developed using both the old topographic maps and modern satellite images. The error of identification of the areas of glaciers is analyzed. All glacier basins and large glaciers are described in details as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The glaciers of Georgia can be divided into three groups according to the area: (1) Small glaciers by the size of ~0.5 km2; (2) Average glaciers—from 0.5 to 2.0 km2; (3). Large glaciers—over 2.0 km2.

References

  • Abich H (1865) Isledovanie nastaiashix i drevnix lednikov Kavkaza (The study of current and ancient glaciers of the Caucasus). Cb, cvedenii o Kavkaze. T. 1, Tiflis (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhambri R, Bolch T, Chaujar RK, Kulshreshtha SC (2011) Glacier changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote sensing. J Glaciol 57:543–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolch T, Buchroithner MF, Pieczonka T, Kunert A (2008) Planimetric and volumetric glacier changes in the Khumbu Himalaya 1962–2005 using Corona and ASTER data. J Glaciol 54:562–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolch T, Menounos B, Wheate R (2010) Landsat-based inventory of glaciers in western Canada, 1985–2005. Remote Sens Environ 114(1):127–137. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush NA (1914) O coctaianie lednikov cevernogo sklona Kavkaza v 1907, 1909, 1911 i 1913 godax (About the state of the northern slope of the Caucasus glaciers in 1907, 1909, 1911 and 1913). Izd. RGO. T. 50. vip. 9

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalog of Glaciers of the USSR (1975) Katalog Lednitov USSR. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, vol 8–9, 108 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernomorets SS (2014) New Kazbeg avalanche. Priroda (Nature) 7:67–72, 17 May 2014 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinnik NY (1890) Present and old glaciers of Georgia. KOIRGO 14:88–102 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobejishvili RG (1995) The evolution of the modern ice age glaciers and mountains of Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The thesis of doctor of science degree in geography (in Georgian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobejishvili RG (1981) A study of modern relief-forming processes in mountain areas by stereophotogrammetric methods (on the example of Racha in western Georgia). Publishing House of “Metsniereba”, Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobejishvili RG (1989) Glaciers of Georgia. Publishing House of “Metsniereba”, Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobejishvili RG, Tielidze L (2012) The map of the modern and Late Pleistocene (Wurmian) glaciations of Georgia. National Atlas of Georgia. Publishing House of “Cartography”, Tbilisi, p 91 (in Georgian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobejishvili RG, Tielidze L, Gadrani L, Latsabidze G, Kumladze R (2013) Glacial-morphological study of the glaciers of the Tergi River basin and evolution of glaciation in Pleistocene. Collected Papers of the TSU Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, New Series no 5(84). TSU Publishing House, Tbilisi (in Georgian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Granshaw FD, Fountain AG (2006) Glacier change (1958–1998) in the North Cascades National Park Complex, Washington, USA. J Glaciol 52(177):251–256. doi:10.3189/172756506781828782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo W, Liu S, Xu J, Wu L, Shangguan D, Yao Xi, Wei J, Bao W, Yu P, Liu Q, Jiang Z (2015) The second Chinese glacier inventory: data, methods and results. J Glaciol 61:357–372. doi:10.3189/2015JoG14J209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inashvili ShV (1975) Ledniki iujnovo sklona centralnogo Kavkaza (The glaciers of the southern slope of the Central Caucasus). Avtoreferat kand Disertacii, Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivankov PA (1959) Oledinenie bolshogo Kavkazai ego dinamika za godi 1890–1946 (The glaciation of the Greater Caucasus and its dynamics during the years 1890–1946). Izv. VGO. T. 91, Vip. 1 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaab A (2002) Monitoring high-mountain terrain deformation from repeated air and spaceborne optical data: examples using digital aerial imagery and ASTER data. ISPRS J Photogramm 57:39–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khazaradze RD (1971) Relief, kontinentalnie otlojenia i pleictocenovie oledenenie bac. R, Inguri (Relief, continental sediments and Pleistocene glaciation Enguri River basin). Avtoreferat kand. Disertacii. Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Khromova T, Nosenko G, Kutuzov S, Muraviev A, Chernova L (2014) Glacier area changes in Northern Eurasia. Environ Res Lett 9:015003. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/1/015003

  • Kotlyakov VM, Dyakova AM, Koryakin VS, Kravtsova VI, Osipova GB, Varnakova GM, Vinogradov VN, Vinogradov ON, Zverkova NM (2010) Glaciers of the former Soviet Union, in: Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world—Glaciers of Asia. in: Williams Jr RS, Ferrigno JG (eds) US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-F-1, US Geological Survey, Washington, USA, pp 4–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotlyakov VM, Rototaeva OV, Nosenko GA, Desinov LV, Osokin NI, Chernov RA (2014) Karmadon catastrophe: what happened and what we should wait for in future. Moscow: «Kodeks» Publishing House, 184 p (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovalev PV (1961) Sovremennie i drevnie oledenenie bacceina r. Inguri (Modern and ancient glaciation Enguri River basin). Mat. Kavkaz. Eksped. T. 2. Xarkov. Izd XGU (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdghelaidze G (1983) Tusheti, monogr. Publishing House of “Metsniereba”. Tbilisi (in Georgian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruashvili LI (1937) O nekatorix faktorax izmenenia lednikogo perioda kavkaza (Some factors of the change the Caucasus glacier period). Izd. GGO. T. 69. Vip. 2 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul FR, Barry RG, Cogley JG, Frey H, Haeberli W, Ohmura A, Ommanney CSL, Raup B, Rivera A, Zemp M (2009) Recommendations for the compilation of glacier inventory data from digital sources. Ann Glaciol 50:119–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer WT, Arendt AA, Bliss A, Bolch T, Cogley JG, Gardner AS, Hagen J, Hock R, Kaser G, Kienholz C, Miles ES, Moholdt G, Mölg N, Paul F, Radic V, Rastner P, Raup BH, Rich J, Sharp MJ, The Randolph Consortium (2014) The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers. J Glaciol 60:537–552. doi:10.3189/2014JoG13J176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podozerskiy KI (1911) Ledniki Kavkazskogo Khrebta (Glaciers of the Caucasus Range). Zapiski Kavkazskogo Otdela Russkogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 29(1):200 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Radde GI (1873) Predvoritelnii otchet o puteshestvii d-ra Radde po Kavkazu (Preliminary report on the journey of Dr. Radde the Caucasus). Zap KORGO, kn. 8 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rashevskiy NN (1904) Cherez Gebivcek (Through pass Gebi), ERGO. T. 3 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup B, Kaab A, Kargel J, Bishop MP, Hamilton GS, Lee E, Rau F, Paul F, Soltesz D, Singh Kalsa SJ, Beedle M, Helm C (2007) Remote sensing and GIS technology in the global land ice measurements from space (GLIMS) project. Comput Geosci 33:104–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutkovskaya VA (1936) Sections: Upper Svaneti Glaciers, pp 404–448. In: Transactions of the glacial expeditions, vol 5. Caucasus, the glacier regions. USSR Committee of the II international polar at the centre administration of the hydro-meteorological service. Leningrad

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahgedanova M, Nosenko G, Kutuzov S, Rototaeva O, Khromova T (2014) Deglaciation of the Caucasus Mountains, Russia/Georgia, in the 21st century observed with ASTER satellite imagery and aerial photography. Cryosphere 8:2367–2379. doi:10.5194/tc-8-2367-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shengelia RG (1975) Opredilenie lednikogo pitania v baseinax rek kavkaza (Determination of glaciers of the Greater Caucasus river basins). Ocherki po fizicheskoe geografiis Kavkaza. Metsniereba, Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes CR, Popovnin VV, Aleynikov A, Shahgedanova M (2007) Recent glacier retreat in the Caucasus Mountains, Russia, and associated changes in supraglacial debris cover and supra/proglacial lake development. Ann Glaciol 46:196–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabidze DD (1965) Gomorfologia baseina reka Kodori (Kodori river basin geomorphology), Avtoreferat kand. Disertacii, Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • The National Environmental Agency (NEA) (2014) General condition of mudflow phenomena in the Tergi River upstream and the report on the assessment of geodynamical conditions of the catastrophic glacial debris flow developed in the Dariali gorge on 17th of May of 2014 (in Georgian). http://nea.gov.ge/

  • Tielidze LG (2016a) Glacier change over the last century, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia, observed from old topographical maps, Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery. Cryosphere 10:713–725. doi:10.5194/tc-10-713-2016  

  • Tielidze L (2016b) Glaciers catalog of Georgia. Publishing House “Samshoblo”, p 116 Tbilisi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG, Kumladze R, Asanidze L (2015a) Glaciers reduction and climate change impact over the last one century in the Mulkhura River Basin, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia. Int J Geosci 6:465–472. doi:10.4236/ijg.2015.65036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG, Lominadze G, Lomidze N (2015b) Glaciers Fluctuation over the last half century in the headwaters of the Enguri River, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia. Int J Geosci 6:393–401. doi:10.4236/ijg.2015.64031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG., Gadrani L, Tsitsagi M, Chikhradze N (2015c) Glaciers dynamics over the last one century in the Kodori River Basin, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia, Abkhazeti. Am J Environ Prot 4(3–1):22–28 (Special Issue: Applied Ecology: Problems, Innovations). doi:10.11648/j.ajep.s.2015040301.14

    Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG, Gadrani L, Kumladze R (2015d) A one century record of changes at Nenskra and Nakra River Basins Glaciers, Causasus Mountains, Georgia. Nat Sci 7:151–157. doi:10.4236/ns.2015.73017

    Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG, Chikhradze N, Svanadze D (2015e) Glaciers amount and extent change in the Dolra River Basin in 1911–1960–2014 Years, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia, observed with old topographical maps and landsat satellite imagery. Am J Clim Change 4:217–225. doi:10.4236/ajcc.2015.43017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tielidze LG, Lomidze N, Asanidze L (2015f) Glaciers retreat and climate change effect during the last one century in the Mestiachala River Basin, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia. Earth Sci 4(2):72–79. doi:10.11648/j.earth.20150402.12

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsereteli DV (1959) Izmenenie lednikov iuzhnovo sklona Kavakiona za poslednie 25 let (Changing the southern slope of the Caucasus glaciers over the past 25 years). Coobsh. An. GSSR. T. 21. #6. Tbilisi (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsereteli DV (1966) Pleistocene deposits of Georgia. Publishing House of “Metsniereba”, Tbilisi, 582 p (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vardaniants LA (1930) O novom sposobe podcheta depresii snegovoi granici v sviazi izucheniem stadii otstupania lednikov gornoi gruppi adai-xox v centralnom kavkaze (On a new method estimate depression snow line in relation the study stage glacier retreat mining group Adai-hoch in the Central Caucasus). Izd. RGO. T. 62. Vip. 2 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geography, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

    Levan Tielidze

Authors
  1. Levan Tielidze
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Levan Tielidze .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tielidze, L. (2017). The New Inventory and General Description of the Modern Glaciers. In: Glaciers of Georgia. Geography of the Physical Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50571-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation