Abstract
As the Internet of Things is gaining momentum, low-power communication technologies proliferate. In this paper, we focus on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and IEEEĀ 802.15.4 (CSMA, Low-power listening, and TSCH), and advocate low-power IPv6 for interoperability between the two. We perform a thorough experimental comparison of their link-layer performance, both in idle radio environment and when facing heavy (controlled) external interference. Our results suggest that both technologies can achieve interesting and complementary latency-energy trade-offs. Based on our results, we discuss possible interoperability between BLE and IEEEĀ 802.15.4 and present related open issues.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In this paper we use āIEEEĀ 802.15.4ā and ā802.15.4ā interchangeably.
- 2.
This has been increased to 251Ā bytes in BluetoothĀ 4.2Ā [6].
References
Contiki: The Open Source Operating System for the Internet of Things
Nordic Semiconductor IPv6 over Bluetooth Smart Protocol Stack for nRF51 SoCs Enables Small, Low Cost, Ultra-low Power IoT Applications (2014)
802.15.4 Task Group.802.15.4-2011: IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan areanetworksāPart 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), 6 September 2011
802.15.4e Task Group.802.15.4e-2012: IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan AreanetworksāPart 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: MAC sublayer, 16 April 2012
Bluetooth SIG. Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0. Specification of the Bluetooth System (2010)
Bluetooth SIG. Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.2. Specification of the Bluetooth System (2014)
Bluetooth SIG. Bluetooth Internet Protocol Support Profile Specification Version 1.0.0 (2014)
Decuir, J.: Bluetooth smart support for 6LoBTLE: applications and connection questions. IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 4(2), 67ā70 (2015)
Dementyev, A., Hodges, S., Taylor, S., Smith, J.: Power consumption analysis of bluetooth low energy, ZigBee and ANT sensor nodes in a cyclic sleep scenario. In: IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS), pp. 1ā4. IEEE, April 2013
Dunkels, A.: The ContikiMAC radio duty cycling protocol. Technical report T2011:13, Swedish Institute of Computer Science (2011)
Gomez, C., Demirkol, I., Paradells, J.: Modeling the maximum throughput of bluetooth low energy in an error-prone link. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(11), 1187ā1189 (2011)
Gomez, C., Oller, J., Paradells, J.: Overview and evaluation of bluetooth low energy: an emerging low-power wireless technology. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 12(9), 11734ā11753 (2012)
Wang, H., Xi, M., Liu, J., Chen, C.: Transmitting IPv6 packets over Bluetooth low energy based on BlueZ. In: Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 72ā77 (2013)
Heydon, R., Energy, B.L.: The Developerās Handbook, 1st edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2012)
Mikhaylov, K., Plevritakis, N., Tervonen, J.: Performance analysis and comparison of Bluetooth low energy with IEEE 802.15.4 and SimpliciTI. J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2(3), 589ā613 (2013)
Mikhaylov, K., Tervonen, J.: Multihop data transfer service for Bluetooth low energy. In: 2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pp. 319ā324. IEEE, November 2013
Montenegro, G., et al.: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, RFC 4944, September 2007
Moss, D., Levis, P.: BoX-MACs: exploiting physical and link layer boundaries in low-powernetworking. Technical report SING-08-00, Stanford (2008)
Nieminen, J., Patil, B., Savolainen, T., Isomaki, M., Shelby, Z., Gomez, C.: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Bluetooth Low Energy [Working Draft] (2015)
Shrestha, G.M., Imtiaz, J., Jasperneite, J.: An optimized OPC UA transport profile to bringing Bluetooth low energy device into IP networks. In: 2013 IEEE 18th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), pp. 1ā5. IEEE, September 2013
Siekkinen, M., Hiienkari, M., Nurminen, J.K., Nieminen, J.: How low energy is bluetooth low energy? Comparative measurements with ZigBee/802.15.4. In: 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), pp. 232ā237. IEEE, April 2012
Thubert, X., Watteyne, T., Struik, R., Richardson, M.: An Architecture for IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e - draft-ietf-6tisch-architecture-06, IETF Draft, March 2015
Yoon, W., Ha, M., Kwon, K., Kim, D.: 6Lo Bluetooth low energy for patient-centric healthcare service on the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Internet of Things (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2016 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Narendra, P., Duquennoy, S., Voigt, T. (2016). BLE and IEEE 802.15.4 in the IoT: Evaluation and Interoperability Considerations. In: Mandler, B., et al. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. IoT360 2015. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 170. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_47
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_47
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47074-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47075-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)