Abstract
Cooperative perception of the traffic environment will enable Highly Automated Driving (HAD) functions to provide timelier and more complex Take-Over Requests (TOR) than it is possible with vehicle-localized perception alone. Furthermore, cooperative perception will extend automated vehicles’ capability of performing tactic and strategic maneuvers independently of any driver intervention (e.g., avoiding of obstacles). In this paper, resulting challenges to the design of the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) are discussed and a prototypical HMI is presented. The prototype is evaluated by experts from the field of cognitive ergonomics in a small-scale simulator study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Naujoks, F., Grattenthaler, H., Neukum, A., Weidl, G., Petrich, D.: Effectiveness of advisory warnings based on cooperative perception. IET Intell. Transp. Syst. 9, 606–617 (2015)
Rauch, A., Klanner, F., Rasshofer, R., Dietmayer, K.: Car2x-based perception in a high-level fusion architecture for cooperative perception systems. In: Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 270–275. IEEE Press, New York (2012)
Wiedemann, K., Schömig, N., Mai, C., Naujoks, F., Neukum, A.: Drivers’ monitoring behaviour and interaction with non-driving related tasks during driving with different automation levels. In: 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Las Vegas, USA (2015)
Bruemmer, D., Few, D., Boring, R., Marble, J., Walton, M., Nielsen, C.: Shared understanding for collaborative control. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A Syst. Hum. 35, 494–504 (2005)
Woods, D., Tittle, J., Feil, M., Roesler, A.: Envisioning human-robot coordination in future operations. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. C Appl. Rev. 34, 210–218 (2004)
Koo, J., Kwac, J., Ju, W., Steinert, M., Leifer, L., Nass, C.: Why did my car just do that? Explaining semi-autonomous driving actions to improve driver understanding, trust, and performance. IJIDeM 9, 269–275 (2015)
Saffarian, M., De Winter, J.C.F., Happee, R.: Automated driving: human-factors issues and design solutions. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 56, 2296–2300 (2012)
NHTSA: Preliminary Statement of Policy Concerning Automated Vehicles. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC (2013)
Gasser, T., Westhoff, D.: BASt-study: definitions of automation and legal issues in Germany. Workshop on the Future of Road Vehicle Automation. Irvine, USA (2012)
Naujoks, F., Mai, C., Neukum, A.: The effect of urgency of take-over requests during highly automated driving under distraction conditions. In: Ahram T., Karowski W., Marek T. (eds.) 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, vol. 7, pp. 2099–2106. AHFE Conference, Krakau (2014)
Gold, C., Damböck, D., Lorenz, L., Bengler, K.: “Take over!” how long does it take to get the driver back into the loop? Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 57, 1938–1942 (2013)
Radlmayr, J., Gold, C., Lorenz, L., Farid, M., Bengler, K.: How traffic situations and non-driving related tasks affect the take-over quality in highly automated driving. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 58, 2063–2067 (2014)
Naujoks, F., Purucker, C., Neukum, A., Wolter, S., Steiger, R.: Controllability of partially automated driving functions—does it matter whether drivers are allowed to take their hands off the steering wheel? Trans. Res. F Traffic Psychol Behav 35, 185–198 (2015)
Lüke, S.: Ko-HAF—cooperative highly automated driving. In: Autonomous Vehicles Test and Development Symposium, Stuttgart (2016)
Banks, V.A., Stanton, N.A.: Keep the driver in control: automating automobiles of the future. Appl. Ergon. 53, 389–395 (2016)
Manca, L., De Winter, J., Happee, R.: Visual displays for automated driving: a survey. Automotive UI 2015—Workshop on Adaptive Ambient In-Vehicle Displays and Interactions (WAADI), Nottingham (2015)
Naujoks, F., Neukum, A.: Specificity and timing of advisory warnings based on cooperative perception. In: Butz, A., Koch, M., Schlichter, J. (eds.) Mensch & Computer 2014—Workshopband, pp. 229–238. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin (2014)
Totzke, I., Naujoks, F., Mühlbacher, D., Krüger, H.-P.: Precision of congestion warnings: do drivers really need warnings with precise information about the congestion tail´s position? In: Waard, D., Jamson, A.H., Barnard, Y., Carsten, O.M.Y. (eds.) Human Factors of Systems and Technology, pp. 235–248. Shaker Publishing, Maastricht (2012)
Totzke, I., Naujoks, F.: Der Fahrer im Zentrum eines vernetzten Strassenverkehrssystems - Herausforderungen und Chancen aus Sicht der Verkehrspsychologie [The driver and connected driving—challenges and chances from the perspective of traffic psychology]. Strassenverkehrstechnik 58, 684–689 (2014)
Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46, 50–80 (2004)
Lees, M.N., Lee, J.D.: The influence of distraction and driving context on driver response to imperfect collision warning systems. Ergonomics 50, 1264–1286 (2007)
Naujoks, F., Neukum, A.: Timing of in-vehicle advisory warnings based on cooperative perception. In: Waard D.D., Brookhuis K., Wiczorek R., Nocera F.D., Brouwer R., Barham P., Weikert C., Kluge A., Gerbino W., Toffetti A. (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chapter Annual Meeting, pp. 1–13 (2014)
Brooke, J.: SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. In: Jordam P.W., Thomas B., McClelland L.M., Weerdemeester B. (eds.) Usability Evaluation in Industry, pp. 189–195. Tayler & Francis, London (1996)
Politis, I., Brewster, S., Pollick, F.: Language-based multimodal displays for the handover of control in autonomous cars. Automotive UI 2015, Nottingham (2015)
Griffiths, P.G., Gillespie, R.B.: Sharing control between humans and automation using haptic interface: primary and secondary task performance benefits. Hum. Factors 47, 574–590 (2005)
Petermeijer, S.M., de Winter, J.C., Bengler, K.J.: Vibrotactile displays: a survey with a view on highly automated driving. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. 17, 897–907 (2015)
Acknowledgments
This work partly results from the joint project Ko-HAF—Cooperative Highly Automated Driving and has been funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag. We would like to thank Samantha Fritzsch for her support with the graphical HMI design and Martin Grein for the implementation of the HAD function in the driving simulation. Both Samantha Fritzsch and Martin Grein are with WIVW.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Naujoks, F., Forster, Y., Wiedemann, K., Neukum, A. (2017). A Human-Machine Interface for Cooperative Highly Automated Driving. In: Stanton, N., Landry, S., Di Bucchianico, G., Vallicelli, A. (eds) Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 484. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_49
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41682-3_49
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41681-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41682-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)