Abstract
Given the strict legal frameworks which regulate the movements and management of funds, building financial applications typically proves to be prohibitively expensive for small companies. Not only is it the case that understanding legal requirements and building a framework of compliance checks to ensure that such legislation is adhered to is a complex process, but also, service providers such as banks require certification and reporting before they are willing to take on the risks associated with the adoption of applications from small application developers. In this paper, we propose a solution which provides a centralised Open Payments Ecosystem which supports compliance checking and allows for the matching of financial applications with service providers and programme managers, automatically providing risk analysis and reporting. The solution proposed combines static and dynamic verification in a real-life use case, which can shed new insights on the use of formal methods on large complex systems. We also report on the software engineering challenges encountered when analysing formal requirements arising from the needs of compliance to applicable legislation.
The Open Payments Ecosystem has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant number 666363.
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Notes
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In the rest of the paper, we will use the following terms:
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Application: The artefact defining how instruments are issued and funds are moved.
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Programme: An application deployed by a programme manager using a specific service provider(s).
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Programme manager: An institution (not necessarily regulated) managing a number of programmes. Programme managers have contractual liability for the managed programmes.
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Service Provider: A regulated institution providing some type of financial service to programme managers. Service providers have financial and regulatory liability for the services offered, some of which can be contractually transferred to programme managers while some would need to be evaluated against risk.
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Azzopardi, S., Colombo, C., Pace, G.J., Vella, B. (2016). Compliance Checking in the Open Payments Ecosystem. In: De Nicola, R., Kühn, E. (eds) Software Engineering and Formal Methods. SEFM 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9763. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41591-8_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41591-8_23
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