Abstract
We provide a list of new natural \(\mathsf {VNP}\)-Intermediate polynomial families, based on basic (combinatorial) \(\mathsf {NP}\)-Complete problems that are complete under parsimonious reductions. Over finite fields, these families are in \(\mathsf {VNP}\), and under the plausible hypothesis \(\mathsf {Mod}_p\mathsf {P}\not \subseteq \mathsf {P/poly}\), are neither \(\mathsf {VNP}\)-hard (even under oracle-circuit reductions) nor in \(\mathsf {VP}\). Prior to this, only the Cut Enumerator polynomial was known to be \(\mathsf {VNP}\)-intermediate, as shown by Bürgisser in 2000.
We next show that over rationals and reals, two of our intermediate polynomials, based on satisfiability and Hamiltonian cycle, are not monotone affine polynomial-size projections of the permanent. This augments recent results along this line due to Grochow.
Finally, we describe a (somewhat natural) polynomial defined independent of a computation model, and show that it is \(\mathsf {VP}\)-complete under polynomial-size projections. This complements a recent result of Durand et al. (2014) which established \(\mathsf {VP}\)-completeness of a related polynomial but under constant-depth oracle circuit reductions. Both polynomials are based on graph homomorphisms. A simple restriction yields a family similarly complete for \(\mathsf {VBP}\).
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Mahajan, M., Saurabh, N. (2016). Some Complete and Intermediate Polynomials in Algebraic Complexity Theory. In: Kulikov, A., Woeginger, G. (eds) Computer Science – Theory and Applications. CSR 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9691. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34171-2_18
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