Abstract
Phosphorus the macronutrient, a component of nucleic acid and helpful for grain developmental phases (reproductive growth) of crops. It is also component of energy carriers like ATP, ADP, NADPH and FADPH which provide energy for different physiological processes. Phosphorous plays an important role in the growth, development and yield of crops. However, P causes some environmental problems like eutrophication. The importance of the element necessitate its study through modeling and distribution under changing climate. Since P is present as organic and inorganic form but their fate is different in soils. The inorganic P accounts for 35–70 % while organic form of P accounts for 30–65 % of the total P but it is dominantly available as stabilized forms like diesters. The availability of this P depends upon mineralization processes by soil biota which has dependency upon soil moisture, temperature, physiochemical properties and soil pH. However, the transformation of organic p has strong influence on the availability of P in soil. Therefore, availability of P to crop is extremely complex and its needs to be evaluated using modeling approaches. The Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) for crops might be increased by understanding P-dynamics which may be done by models. The understanding of P dynamics will help to optimized balance use of P. By monitoring P for longer period of time might increase P status of soil. The use of computer models will help to modify fertilizer application which can reduce use of P but will increase PUE. The effects of high temperature, elevated CO2 and drought on the availability of phosphorous, PUE and its dynamics could be modeled using dynamics models like APSIM, AEP or by using regression modeling approaches.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ATP:
-
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
- ADP:
-
Adenosine di-phosphate
- NADP:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- FADP:
-
Falvin adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- APSIM:
-
Agricultural Production System Simulator
- AEP:
-
Agriculture Ecosystem model
- PUE:
-
Phosphorus Use Efficiency
- IPCC:
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- NFDC:
-
National Fertilizer Development Centre
- IFPRI:
-
International Food Policy Research Institute
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- PAE:
-
P Acquisition Efficiency
References
Ahmed, M. 2011. Climatic resilience of wheat (Triticum aestivum) using simulation modeling in Pothwar. Ph.D., thesis, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan.
Ahmed, N., M. Abid, K. Hussain, M. Akram, and M. Yousaf. 2003. Evaluation of nutrient status in rice growing areas of the Punjab. Asian Journal of Plant Science 2(5): 449–453.
Anonymous. 2012. Phosphorus for agriculture. www.voguelph.ca/scitale/knowledge/library/effects-of-rising-atmospheric-concentrations-of-carbon-13254108.
Beaton, J.D., and D.W.L. Read. 1965. Effects of temperature and moisture on phosphorous uptake from calcareous Saskatchewan soil treated with several pelleted sources of phosphorous. Soil Science Society of American Journal 27(1): 61–65.
Bertrand, I., R.E. Holloway, R.D. Armstrong, and M.J. Mclaughlin. 2003. Chemical characteristics of phosphorous in alkaline soils from southern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41: 61–76.
Bock, B.R., and F.J. Sikora. 1990. Modified quadratic plateau model for describing plant response to fertilizer. Soil Science Society of American Journal 54: 1784–1789.
Cassell, E.A., J.M. Dorioz, R.L. Kort, J.P. Hoffmann, D.W. Meals, D. Kirschtel, and D.C. Braun. 1998. Modeling posphorus dynamics in ecosystems: Mass balance and dynamic simulation approaches. Journal of Environmental Quality 27: 293–298.
Condron, L.M., B.L. Turner, and B. J. Cade-Menun. 2005. Chemistry and dynamics of soil organic phosphorus. In ed. J.T. Sims, A.N. Sharpley. Phosphorus: Agriculture and the environment. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 87–121.
Dijkstra, F.A., N.V. Breemen, A.G. Jongmans, G.R. Davies, and G.E. Likens. 2003. Calcium weathering in forested soils and the effect of different tree species. Biogeochemistry 62: 253–275.
Drake, B.G., M.A. Gonzalezmeler, and S.P. Long. 1997. More efficient plants: A consequence of rising atmospheric CO2? Annuals Revision of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48: 609–639.
Duan, Z., H. Xiao, Z. Dong, X. Li, and G. Wang. 2004. Combined effect of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizers and water on spring wheat yield in an arid desert region. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(1–2): 161–175.
Ercoli, L., M. Mariotti, A. Masoni, and F. Massantini. 1995. Effect of temperature and phosphorous fertilization on phosphorous and nitrogen uptake by sorghum. Crop Science 36(2): 348–354.
Frigg, R., and S. Hartman. 2006. Models in science. The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), forthcoming. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2012/entries/models-science/.
Hartemink, A.E. 2003. Soil fertility decline in the tropics. Wageningen: CABI.
Hayes, J.E., A.E. Richardson, and R.J. Simpson. 1999. Phytase and acid phosphatase activities in extracts from roots of temperate pasture grass and legume seedlings. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 26: 801–809.
Hinsinger, P. 2001. Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by root induced chemical changes: A review. Plant and Soil 237: 173–195.
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2009. Climate change impact on agriculture and costs of adaptations. Food policy report.
IPCC. 2007. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Khan, R., A.R. Gurmani, A.H. Gurmani, and M.S. Zia. 2007. Effect of phosphorous application on wheat and rice yield under wheat-rice system. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 23(4): 851–856.
Khan, F.N., M. Lukac, G. Turner, and D.L. Godbold. 2008. Elevated atmospheric CO2 changes phosphorus fractions in soils under a short rotation poplar plantation (EuroFACE). Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 1716–1723.
Kiniry, J.R., and A.J. Bockholt. 1998. Maize and sorghum simulation in diverse texas environment. Agronomy Journal 90: 682–687.
Kumar, R., and S. Chaeturvedi. 2009. Crop modeling: A tool for agricultural research. www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in/?q=content/crop-model.
Lagomarsino, A., M.C. Moscatelli, M.R. Hoosbeek, P. Deangelis, and S. Grego. 2008. Assessment of soil nitrogen and phosphorous availability under elevated CO2 and N-fertilization in a short rotation poplar plantation. Plant and Soil 308: 131–147.
Lynch, J. 2007. Roots of the second green revolution. Australian Journal of Botany 55: 493–512.
Lynch, J.P. 2011. Root phenes for enhanced soil exploration and phosphorus acquisition: Tools for future crops. Plant Physiology 156(3): 1041–1049.
Lynch, J.P., and K.M. Brown. 2011. Topsoil foraging- an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability. Plant and Soil 237(2): 225–237.
Lynch, J.P., and M.D. Ho. 2005. Rhizoeconomics: Carbon costs of phosphorus acquisition. Plant and Soil 269: 45–56.
Ma, Z., D.G. Bielenberg, K.M. Brown, and J.P. Lynch. 2001a. Regulation of root hair density by phosphorus availability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant, Cell and Environment 24: 459–467.
Ma, Z., T.C. Walk, A. Marcus, and J.P. Lynch. 2001b. Morphological synergism in root hair length, density, initiation and geometry for phosphorus acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana: A modeling approach. Plant and Soil 236: 221–235.
Manske, G.G.B., J.I. Ortiz-Monasterio, M. Vangrinkel, R. González, S. Rajaram, E. Molina, and P.L.G. Vlek. 2000. Traits associated with improved P-uptake efficiency in CIMMYT’s semi dwarf spring bread wheat grown on an acid Andisol in Mexico. Plant and Soil 221: 189–204.
Manske, G.G.B., J.I. Ortiz-Monasterio, M. Vanginkel, R.M. Gonzalez, R.A. Fischer, S. Rajaram, and P.L.G. Vlek. 2001. Importance of P uptake efficiency versus P utilization for wheat yield in acid and calcareous soils in Mexico. European Journal of Argonomy 14: 261–274.
Mccown, R.L., G.L. Hammer, J.N.G. Hargreaves, D.P. Holzworth, and D.M. Freebairn. 1996. APSIM: A novel software system for model development, model testing and simulation in agricultural systems research. Agricultural Systems 50: 255–271.
Mo, X., and K. Beven. 2004. Multi-objective parameter conditioning of three source wheat canopy model. Agriculture Forest Meteorology 122: 39–63.
Mollier, A., and S. Pellerin. 1999. Maize root system growth and development as influenced by phosphorus deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany 50: 487–497.
Monteith, J. 1981. Climate variation and the growth of crops. Journal of Royal Meteorology Society 107: 749.
Murthy, V. 2002. Crop growth modeling and its applications in agricultural meteorology. Satellite remote sensing and GIS applications in agricultural meteorology, 235–261.
NFDC. 2011. http://www.nfdc.gov.pk/public.html.
Ortega, R., D.G. Westfall, and G.A. Peterson. 1997. Variability of phosphorous over landscapes and dryland winter wheat yields. Better Crops 81(2): 24–27.
Raupach, M.R., G. Marland, P. Ciais, C. Lequere, J.G. Canadell, G. Klepper, and C.B. Field. 2007. Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104: 10288–10293.
Rehm, G., M. Schmitt, J. Lamb, G. Randall, and L. Busman. 2011. Understanding phosphorous fertilizers, phosphorous in the agricultural environment. University of Minnesota. www.extension.umn/edu/distribution/cropsystem/dc6288.html-47K.
Rehman, O., A.M. Ranjha, S.M. Mehdi, and A.A. Khan. 2005. Phosphorous requirement of wheat using Modified Freundlich model in Sultanpur (Pakistan) soil series. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7(1): 74–78.
Reid, J.B. 2002. Yield responses to nutrient supply across a wide range of conditions. 1. Model derivation. Field Crops Research 77: 161–171.
Rodriguez, D., W.G. Keltjens, and J. Goudriaan. 1998. Plant leaf area expansion and assimilate production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing under low phosphorous conditions. Plant and Soil 200: 227–240.
Romer, W., J. Augustin, and G. Schilling. 1988. The relationship between phosphate absorption and root length in nine wheat cultivars. Plant and Soil 11: 199–201.
Rosenzweig, C., and M.L. Parry. 1994. Potential impact of climate change on world food supply. Nature 367: 133–138.
Ryan, P.R., E. Delhaize, and D.L. Jones. 2001. Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annuals Revision Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52: 527–560.
Sardans, J., and J. Penuelas. 2004. Increasing drought decrease phosphorous availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Plant and Soil Journal 267(1–2): 367–377.
Schjorring, J.K., and N.E. Nielsen. 1987. Root length and phosphorus uptake by four barley cultivars grown under moderate deficiency of phosphorus in field experiments. Journal of Plant Nutrition 10: 1289–1295.
Sharpley, A.N., J.L. Weld, D.B. Beegle, P.J.A. Kleiman, W.J. Gburek, P.A. Moore Jr., and G. Mullins. 2003. Development of phosphorus indices for nutrient management planning strategies in the United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 58: 137–152.
Shen, J., L. Yuan, J. Zhang, H. Li, Z. Bai, X. Chen, W. Zhang, and F. Zhang. 2011. Phosphorus dynamics: From soil to plant. Plant Physiology 156(3): 997–1005.
Smith, S.E., and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson. 1988. Physiological interactions between symbionts in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Annuals Revision Plant Physiology 39: 221–244.
Smith, S.E., and D.J. Read. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic. ISBN 978-0-12-652840-4.
Stockle, C.O., M. Donatelli, and R. Nelson. 2001. CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model. European Journal of Agronomy 18: 289–307.
Swami, S., and M. Singh. 2008. Critical limits of phosphorous for durum wheat in normal and heavy metal polluted soils. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 42(4): 252–259.
Thygesen, L.G., B.J. Hidayat, K.S. Johansen, and C. Felby. 2011. Role of supramolecular cellulose structures in enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell walls. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 38: 975–983.
Tiessen, H. 2008. Phosphorus in the global environment. In The ecophysiology of plant-phosphorus interactions, ed. P.J. White and J.P. Hammond. Dordrecht: Springer.
Tubiello, F.N., and G. Fischer. 2007. Reducing climate change impacts on agriculture: Global and regional effects of mitigation, 2000–2080. Technol Forecas and Soc Chan 74: 1030–1056.
Turner, L.B. 1985. Changes in the phosphorous contents of capsicum annum leaves during water stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 121: 429–439.
Turner, B.L., A.E. Richardson, and E.J. Mullaney. 2007. Inositol phosphates: Linking agriculture and the environment, 304. Wallingford: CAB International.
USDA, NRCS. 2012. http://soils.usda.gov/.
Van Keulen, H., and J. Wolf. 1986. Modelling of agricultural production: Weather, soils and crops, Simulation monographs. Wageningen: PUDOC.
Webber, M.G. 1990. Forest soil respiration after cutting and burning in immature aspen ecosystems. Forest Ecology Management 31: 1–14.
Willcutts, J.F., A.R. Overman, G.J. Hochmuth, D.J. Cantliffe, and P. Soundy. 1998. A comparison of three mathematical models of response to applied nitrogen: A case study using lettuce. Horticulture Science 33(5): 833–836.
Wolf, J., and M. Van Oijen. 2003. Model simulation of effects of changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 and O3 on tuber yield potential of potato (cv. Bintje) in the European Union. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 94: 141–157.
World Bank. 2004. World development indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yan, X., H. Liao, A. Cao, W.J. Horst, M.K. Schenk, A. Bürkert, N. Claassen, H. Flessa, W.B. Frommer, H. Goldbach, H.W. Olfs, V. Römheld, B. Sattelmacher, U. Schmidhalter, S. Schubert, N. Wirén, and L. Wittenmayer. 2002. The role of root architecture in P acquisition efficiency of different root systems: A case study with common bean and rice Book title: Plant nutrition: Developments in plant and soil sciences. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 978-0-306-47624-2.
Zamune, E., L.I. Picone, and H.E. Echeverria. 2005. Comparison of phosphorous fertilization diagnostic methods for wheat under no tillage. Soil Tillage Research 89: 70–77.
Zublena, J., J.C. Barker, and T. A. Carter. 1993. Poultry manure as fertilizer source. Soil facts. North Carolina cooperative extension service. www.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/soilfacts/AG-439-05/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ijaz, W., Ahmed, M., Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Asim, M., Aslam, M. (2017). Models to Study Phosphorous Dynamics Under Changing Climate. In: Ahmed, M., Stockle, C. (eds) Quantification of Climate Variability, Adaptation and Mitigation for Agricultural Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32059-5_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32059-5_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32057-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32059-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)