Skip to main content

Outcome Expectation

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences

Synonyms

Attitudes; Decisional balance; Pros and cons; Response efficacy

Definition

Outcome expectations are subjective estimates of how likely it is that a specific behavior will be followed by particular consequences.

Introduction

Together with efficacy expectations, outcome expectations are expectancies that determine the initiation and maintenance of behavior. The two are separate, and they both influence behavior regulation.

Definition of Outcome Expectation

Outcome expectations are personal beliefs in the effect of an action on achieving a particular outcome. Outcome expectations are chiefly seen as being important in deciding to change behavior (i.e., the motivation phase). Outcome expectations can be positive (pros, e.g., “If I exercise five times per week, I will reduce my cardiovascular risk”) and negative(cons, e.g., “If I exercise five times per week, I will have less time to hang out with my friends”). In the motivation phase, people balance the pros and cons of certain...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. (1979). Theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications. In H. Howe & M. Page (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1979 (pp. 65–116). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borland, R. (2016). CEOS Theory: a comprehensive approach to understanding hard to maintain behaviour change. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-Being. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aphw.12083/epdf

  • Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education & Behavior, 11(1), 1–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390–395.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, J. (2015). Understanding motivation and emotion (6th ed.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: Theoretical approaches and a new model. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 217–243). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R., Lippke, S., & Luszczynska, A. (2011). Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: The health action process approach (HAPA). Rehabilitation Psychology, 56(3), 161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonia Lippke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

Lippke, S. (2017). Outcome Expectation. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1145-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1145-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics