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Diabetes Complications, Comorbidities and Related Disorders pp 1–37Cite as

Metabolic Syndrome

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Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a multiple risk factor complex for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These risk factors consist of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a pro-inflammatory state. The presence of the metabolic syndrome doubles the risk for ASCVD and causes a fivefold increase in the risk for type 2 diabetes. Multiple factors contribute to the syndrome. The most important is overnutrition combined with catabolic defects in individual risk parameters. The accumulation of ectopic lipid in target tissues appears to be a common denominator in risk factor development. Most individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibit insulin resistance, and most also manifest upper body obesity. Both these abnormalities are produced largely by overnutrition. Primary management of metabolic syndrome is caloric restriction combined with increased physical activity. If this approach does not eliminate affected risk factors, consideration must be given to the use of drug therapies to treat individual risk factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Scott M. Grundy

  2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Scott M. Grundy

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Correspondence to Scott M. Grundy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Enzo Bonora

  2. Diabetes Division, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Ralph DeFronzo

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Grundy, S.M. (2019). Metabolic Syndrome. In: Bonora, E., DeFronzo, R. (eds) Diabetes Complications, Comorbidities and Related Disorders. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_3-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_3-2

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  1. Latest

    Metabolic Syndrome
    Published:
    10 July 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_3-2

  2. Original

    Metabolic Syndrome
    Published:
    08 March 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27316-7_3-1

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