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Damages for Violation of Human Rights in Croatia

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Book cover Damages for Violations of Human Rights

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 9))

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Abstract

Liability of public authorities in Croatia is mainly governed by private law and the same is true for the claims regarding damages in case of human rights violations. This means that general rules on civil law liability are also applicable to human rights violations cases. However, like in many other areas of law, specific legislation is gradually being developed and one should also bear in mind that even though Croatia is a typical legal system of continental Europe, which means that its law is mainly legislation, case law of both national and international courts is gaining more importance in connection to the human rights violations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The absence of a civil code is mainly caused due to historical reasons. During the period between 1918 and 1991, when Croatia was part of former Yugoslavia, civil codification was not enacted because the drafting process was not finished before the beginning of World War II. After the end of World War II, when former Yugoslavia was transformed into a socialist and federal state, preparatory work on the civil code was initiated, but after 1974, when a new Constitution came into force, the division of legislative jurisdiction between federal state and federal units was so complex that it hindered adoption of a civil code. Former Yugoslavia failed to enact a civil code also because of the fact that the federal state after 1974 did not have exclusive constitutional competence to regulate entire civil law. After 1991, when Croatia (re)gained its independence, legislative changes affected almost all areas of civil law, but after such a long period without a codification, the idea of a single legislative act (civil code) was somehow lost.

  2. 2.

    Official Gazette 35/05, 41/08, 23/13.

  3. 3.

    See Gliha et al. (2007, 256).

  4. 4.

    One should also bear in mind that other parts of civil law (property law and inheritance law) were developed in accordance with Swiss, Austrian and German law (strangely enough, even during the period of socialism).

  5. 5.

    Official Gazette 99/99, 29/02, 49/02 – consolidated version.

  6. 6.

    Arts. 1048 and 1085 OA.

  7. 7.

    Official Gazette 112/12, 93/14.

  8. 8.

    Article 158 of the Criminal Procedure Act, Official Gazette 152/08, 76/09, 80/11, 91/12, 143/12, 56/13, 145/13.

  9. 9.

    Article 22/4 of the Act on Administrative Disputes, Official Gazette 20/10, 143/12.

  10. 10.

    On the basis of Act on Monetary Compensation for Victims of Criminal Offences, Official Gazette 80/08, 27/11.

  11. 11.

    Official Gazette 56/90, 135/97, 113/00, 28/01, 76/10.

  12. 12.

    Article 21 of the Constitution .

  13. 13.

    Article 22 of the Constitution .

  14. 14.

    Article 28 of the Constitution .

  15. 15.

    Article 29 of the Constitution .

  16. 16.

    Article 30 of the Constitution .

  17. 17.

    Article 31 of the Constitution .

  18. 18.

    Article 32 of the Constitution .

  19. 19.

    Article 33 of the Constitution .

  20. 20.

    Article 34 of the Constitution .

  21. 21.

    Article 35 of the Constitution .

  22. 22.

    Article 36 of the Constitution .

  23. 23.

    Article 37 of the Constitution .

  24. 24.

    Article 38 of the Constitution .

  25. 25.

    Article 39 of the Constitution .

  26. 26.

    Article 40 of the Constitution .

  27. 27.

    Article 42 of the Constitution .

  28. 28.

    Article 43 of the Constitution .

  29. 29.

    Article 44 of the Constitution .

  30. 30.

    Article 45 of the Constitution .

  31. 31.

    Article 46 of the Constitution .

  32. 32.

    Article 47 of the Constitution .

  33. 33.

    Article 48 of the Constitution .

  34. 34.

    Article 49 of the Constitution .

  35. 35.

    Article 55 of the Constitution .

  36. 36.

    Article 56 of the Constitution .

  37. 37.

    Article 57 of the Constitution .

  38. 38.

    Article 58 of the Constitution .

  39. 39.

    Article 59 of the Constitution .

  40. 40.

    Article 60 of the Constitution .

  41. 41.

    Article 61 of the Constitution .

  42. 42.

    Article 64 of the Constitution .

  43. 43.

    Article 69 of the Constitution .

  44. 44.

    Article 70 of the Constitution .

  45. 45.

    The Constitutional Act on Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, Official Gazette 49/02 – consolidated version (English translation is available at: http://www.usud.hr/default.aspx?Show=ustavni_zakon_o_ustavnom_sudu&m1=27&m2=49&Lang=en. Accessed 12 Oct 2013.

  46. 46.

    According to Article 134 of the Croatian Constitution , international treaties that are concluded and ratified in accordance with the Constitution and that are in force are part of Croatian legal system, and are in hierarchy or legal sources above acts of parliament.

  47. 47.

    According to Article 19/2 OA, personality rights are: right to life, physical and psychical health, reputation, honour, dignity, name, privacy of personal and family life, freedom, etc. Legal person has the same personality rights with the exception of the rights that are connected to the biological character of a natural person. Legal person in particular has the right to reputation, honour, name or firm name, business confidentiality, freedom to conduct business, and other (Article 19/3 OA).

  48. 48.

    Klarić and Vedriš (2014, 583–584).

  49. 49.

    Article 14 Act on System of State Administration.

  50. 50.

    Article 105 of the Act on Courts .

  51. 51.

    Article 1061/2 OA.

  52. 52.

    Article 1061/3 OA.

  53. 53.

    Article 1061/4 OA.

  54. 54.

    Article 1062 OA.

  55. 55.

    Article 105/1 of the Act on Courts .

  56. 56.

    Article 105/2 of the Act on Courts .

  57. 57.

    Article 105/3-4 of the Act on Courts .

  58. 58.

    Article 1092/1 OA.

  59. 59.

    Article 1092/2 OA.

  60. 60.

    Article 1106 OA.

  61. 61.

    Article 223 of the Civil Procedure Act, Official Gazette of ex-Yugoslavia 4/77, 36/77, 36/80, 6/80, 69/82, 43/82, 58/84, 74/87, 57/89, 20/90, 27/90, 35/91, Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia 53/91, 91/92, 112/99, 129/00, 88/01, 117/03, 88/05, 2/07, 96/08, 84/08, 123/08, 57/11, 25/13.

  62. 62.

    Article 1045/1 OA.

  63. 63.

    Article 1045/1 OA.

  64. 64.

    Article 1100/1 OA.

  65. 65.

    Case number U-III /2314/2006 (Constitutional Court ).

  66. 66.

    Official Gazette 85/08, 112/12.

  67. 67.

    Official Gazette 150/11, 12/13.

  68. 68.

    Official Gazette 28/13.

  69. 69.

    Article 6/1 Act on Repression of Discrimination .

  70. 70.

    Article 6/2 Act on Repression of Discrimination .

  71. 71.

    Article 11 Act on Repression of Discrimination .

  72. 72.

    Article 1095/1 OA.

  73. 73.

    Article 1094 OA.

  74. 74.

    Article 1085/3 OA.

  75. 75.

    Article 1089/4 OA.

  76. 76.

    Articles 29 and 1103 OA.

  77. 77.

    Article 1105/1 OA.

  78. 78.

    Article 186a of the Act on Civil Litigation.

  79. 79.

    The subject matter of time limits is regulated by substantive law of obligations, not civil procedural law.

  80. 80.

    Article 230/1-2 OA.

  81. 81.

    Article 231 OA.

  82. 82.

    Article 25/1 of the Act on Monetary Compensation for Victims of Criminal Offences.

  83. 83.

    Article 25/2 of the Act on Monetary Compensation for Victims of Criminal Offences.

  84. 84.

    Article 25/3 of the Act on Monetary Compensation for Victims of Criminal Offences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Law Department, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Trg m. Tita 3, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia

    Saša Nikšić

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  1. Saša Nikšić
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Correspondence to Saša Nikšić .

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  1. Department of Civil Law, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk, Poland

    Ewa Bagińska

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Nikšić, S. (2016). Damages for Violation of Human Rights in Croatia. In: Bagińska, E. (eds) Damages for Violations of Human Rights. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18950-5_2

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