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Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy pp 209–234Cite as

The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates

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Abstract

Ray and axial parenchyma cells are inherent components of secondary xylem in almost all woody plants. The proportion of wood parenchyma ranges typically between 5 and 10 % in gymnosperms and between 20 and 40 % in angiosperms. However, even higher proportions can be found in some angiosperms, particularly in the tropics. The role of xylem parenchyma in storage is often highlighted, with nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) representing the most abundant reserves.

The NSC concentration in sapwood exhibits large differences across tree species and between different woody organs (roots, trunks, and branches). It is reasonable to expect that the potential to store NSC scales positively with the amount of ray and axial parenchyma in wood. Sapwood NSC exhibit complex dynamics throughout the season. This temporal variation in NSC concentration and their partitioning into starch and soluble sugars is closely tied to the physiological activity of ray and axial parenchyma cells.

In this chapter, we review our current knowledge of variation in ray and axial parenchyma anatomy and physiology and link it with NSC dynamics in wood. A better understanding of NSC accumulation patterns as driven by the parenchyma structure and physiology can be useful for estimating the total pool of NSC stored in forests and for predicting its dynamics under changing environmental conditions. Moreover, such synthesis can help to elucidate potential advantages associated with having high versus low wood parenchyma content.

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Acknowledgements

L.P. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and research funding from Ulm University and the Ulm University Society (Ulmer Universitätsgesellschaft). J.S. acknowledges the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support. We gratefully acknowledge the support and facilities provided by the Botanical Garden and the Electron Microcopy Unit of Ulm University. We thank Hugh Morris for fruitful discussion and useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

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  1. Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany

    Lenka Plavcová & Steven Jansen

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  1. Lenka Plavcová
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  2. Steven Jansen
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Correspondence to Lenka Plavcová .

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  1. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Uwe Hacke

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Plavcová, L., Jansen, S. (2015). The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates. In: Hacke, U. (eds) Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2_8

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