Abstract
With rapid urbanization, a changing climate and increasingly strained centralized water systems, individuals and businesses across urban sub-Saharan Africa face unreliable water supplies, escalating water costs and health risks (e.g., from poor sanitation facilities or slow adoption of new practices). These deficiencies and risks are unevenly distributed over space and time. In some cases, low-income households may spend up to 20 percent of monthly income on water while others in the same geography may never see water prices that exceed one percent of household income. Several web/mobile applications have been launched in an attempt to address these deficiencies and risks. However, these applications are generally designed in a top-down manner and consequently fail to deliver personalized services. Furthermore, in many developing countries, these applications follow the develop-and-deploy paradigm. This implies that the end-user’s needs and goals are often neglected prior to the actual development of the system. This paper presents part of our ongoing work to model, analyze and develop personalized water services using goal-oriented requirements engineering techniques. We focus on conceptual modeling in order to identify the requirements needed to design a system for personalized water assurance services. Our modeling and analysis follows a bottom-up approach that starts from interactive engagement with the water ecosystem to the use of goal-oriented approaches for the analysis and design of requirements for personalization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bryl, V., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J.: Africa-ebbing water, surging deficits: Urban water supply in sub-saharan africa. Requir. Eng. 14(1), 47–70 (2009)
Naughton, M., Closas, A., Jacobsen, M.: The future of water in african cities: Why waste water? In: Diagnostic of Urban Water Management in 31 Cities in Africa, Companion Volume (2012)
Un-Habitat. State of the world’s cities: 2008/2009: harmonious cities. Earthscan; UN-HABITAT (2008)
M-maji, http://mmaji.wordpress.com
Usaid: Can water meters ease kenya’s supply woes?, http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/frontlines/water-neglected-tropical-diseases/can-water-meters-ease-kenyas-supply
Tsukada, R., Hailu, D., Rendtorff-Smith, S.: Small-Scale Water Providers in Kenya: Pioneers or Predators (2011)
Fleming, K., Weldemariam, K., Wangusi, N., Stewart, O.: Monitoring Water Scarcity Risk in Africa. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2014, Coimbra, Portugal, March 24-28, pp. 567–569 (2014)
Purao, S., Seng, T.C., Wu, A.: Modeling citizen-centric services in smart cities. In: Ng, W., Storey, V.C., Trujillo, J.C. (eds.) ER 2013. LNCS, vol. 8217, pp. 438–445. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Bresciani, P., Perini, A., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglia, F., Mylopoulos, J.: Tropos: An agent-oriented software development methodology. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 8(3), 203–236 (2004)
Beyer, H., Holtzblatt, K.: Contextual design. Interactions 6(1), 32–42 (1999)
Yu, E.: Agent-oriented modelling: Software versus the world. In: Wooldridge, M.J., Weiß, G., Ciancarini, P. (eds.) AOSE 2001. LNCS, vol. 2222, pp. 206–225. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J.: Adaptive socio-technical systems: A requirements-based approach. Requir. Eng. 18(1), 1–24 (2013)
Ibm city forward, http://cityforward.org/wps/wcm/connect/CityForward_en_US/City+Forward/Home
Kenya water resources management agency, http://www.wrma.or.ke/index.php/about-us/departments-79/technical-coordination/ground-water/nairobi-metropolitan-borehole-study.html
Keraita, B., Ramesh, V., Pavelic, P., Giordano, M., Rao, T.: Groundwater availability and use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of 15 countries. International Water Management Institute, IWMI (2012), http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/groundwater_availability_and_use_in_sub-saharan_africa_a_review_of_15_countries.pdf
Water or health,what first?, http://m.news24.com/kenya/MyNews24/Water-or-healthwhat-first-20120322
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fleming, K., Weldemariam, K. (2014). From Needs to Services: Delivering Personalized Water Assurance Services in Urban Africa. In: Yu, E., Dobbie, G., Jarke, M., Purao, S. (eds) Conceptual Modeling. ER 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8824. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12206-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12206-9_38
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12205-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12206-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)