Abstract
Instant messaging (IM) has become one of the most popular modes of instantaneous electronic communication mediums throughout the world for users. A unique feature of IM on the smartphone is its choice of text-based, graphical or animated emoticons that express emotion and intentions. Many studies have been conducted on computer mediated communication (CMC), IM and emoticons, but little is known specifically about the study of emoticons in IM on the smartphone. The goal of this study was to understand how emoticons are used in IM on the smartphone and to investigate the inconsistent results of previous research. Thus, this study explored the frequency and variety of emoticon usage as well as the user traits based on emoticon types, relationships between users, availability of computer keyboards, and user emotional states in IM on the smartphone. The corresponding suggestions provided by this study would help to increase the understanding of emoticon usage and the designing of future emoticons in IM on the smartphone.
Chapter PDF
References
Huang, A.H., Yen, D.C., Zhang, X.: Exploring the potential effects of emoticons. Information & Management 45(7), 466–473 (2008)
Tossell, C.C., et al.: A longitudinal study of emoticon use in text messaging from smartphones. Computers in Human Behavior 28(2), 659–663 (2012)
Garrison, A., et al.: Conventional Faces: Emoticons in Instant Messaging Discourse. Computers and Composition 28(2), 112–125 (2011)
Nardi, B.A., Whittaker, S., Bradner, E.: Interaction and outeraction: instant messaging in action. In: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. ACM (2000)
Dix, A., et al.: Human Computer Interaction, 3rd edn. (2004)
Harrison, R.P.: Nonverbal Communication. Human Communication As a Field of Study: Selected Contemporary Views, 113 (1989)
Rogers, E.M., Allbritton, M.M.: Interaction Communication Technologies in Business Organizations. The Journal of Business Communication 32(2), 177–195 (1995)
Antonijevic, S.: Expressing Emotions Online: An Analysis of Visual Aspects of Emoticons. In: EEO Conference Papers: International Communication Association 2005 Annual Meeting, New York (2005)
Walther, J.B., D’Addario, K.P.: The Impacts of Emoticons on Message Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Communication. Social Science Computer Review 19(3), 324–347 (2001)
Riva, G.: The Sociocognitive Psychology of Computer-Mediated Communication; The Present and Future of Technology-Based Interactions. Cyberpsyc Hology & Behavior 5, 581–598 (2002)
Lo, S.K.: The nonverbal communication functions of emoticons in computer-mediated communication. CyberPsychology & Behavior 11(5), 595–597 (2008)
Tung, F.-W., Deng, Y.-S.: Increasing social presence of social actors in e-learning environments: Effects of dynamic and static emoticons on children. Displays 28(4-5), 174–180 (2007)
Falaki, H., et al.: Diversity in smartphone usage. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. ACM (2010)
Danet, B., Ruedenberg-Wright, L., Rosenbaum-Tamari, Y.: Smoking dope at a virtual party: Writing, play and performance on Internet Relay Chat. Network and Netplay: Virtual Groups on the Internet (1997)
Rezabek, L.L., Cochenour, J.J.: Visual Cues in Computer-Mediated Communication: Supplementing Text with Emoticons. Journal of Visual Uteracy 18(2), 201–215 (1998)
Krohn, F.B.: A generational approach to using emoticons as nonverbal communication. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 34(4), 321–328 (2004)
Ling, R.: Mobile communications vis-à-vis teen emancipation, peer group integration and deviance. The Inside Text, 175–193 (2005)
Qiao, Q.: The adoption and use of SMS among Chinese teenagers (2010)
Kwon, T., Na, S., Park, S.-H.: Drag-and-Type: A new method for typing with virtual keyboards on small touchscreens. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE (2013)
Derks, D., Bos, A.E.R., Grumbkow, J.V.: Emoticons and social interaction on the Internet: the importance of social context. Computers in Human Behavior 23(1), 842–849 (2007)
Derks, D., Bos, A.E.R., Von Grumbkow, J.: Emoticons and online message interpretation. Social Science Computer Review 26(3), 379–388 (2008)
Luor, T., et al.: The effect of emoticons in simplex and complex task-oriented communication: An empirical study of instant messaging. Computers in Human Behavior 26(5), 889–895 (2010)
Wagner, H., Lee, V.: 10. Facial Behavior Alone and in the Presence of Others. The social context of nonverbal behavior, p. 262 (1999)
Häkkilä, J., Chatfield, C.: ‘It’s like if you opened someone else’s letter’: user perceived privacy and social practices with SMS communication. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices & Services. ACM (2005)
Lee, V., Wagner, H.: The effect of social presence on the facial and verbal expression of emotion and the interrelationships among emotion components. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 26(1), 3–25 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Park, T.W., Kim, SJ., Lee, G. (2014). A Study of Emoticon Use in Instant Messaging from Smartphone. In: Kurosu, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services. HCI 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8512. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07227-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07227-2_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07226-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07227-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)