Abstract
This chapter explains the term person-centered methods and how Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) works. Instead of analyzing means, variances and covariances of scale scores as in the common variable-centered approach, the person-centered approach analyzes persons or objects grouped according to their characteristic configurations in contingency tables. CFA is a statistical method that looks for over- and under-frequented cells or patterns. Over-frequented means, that the observations in this cell or configuration are observed more often than expected, under-frequented means that this configurations is observed less often than expected. In CFA a pattern or configuration that contains more observed cases than expected is called a type; similarly, configurations that are less observed than expected are called an antitype. In addition, Meehl’s paradox (Meehl, J Consult Psychol 14:165–171, 1950) is explained. Meehl’s paradox postulates that it is possible to have a bivariate relationship with a zero association or correlation but also a higher order association or correlation. Meehl argued for investigating higher order interactions (beyond bivariate interactions), which can be detected with CFA.
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Notes
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By the way, many European fish like a shaded habitat with a fine and coarse substrate depending on high flow velocity.
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Girls with intubation but no seizures have the best chances for normal cognitive development.
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Stemmler, M. (2014). Introducing Person-Centered Methods. In: Person-Centered Methods. SpringerBriefs in Statistics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05536-7_1
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