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Polysaccharides from Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Antitumor Activities

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Polysaccharides

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Abstract

Cancer is a main burden of disease worldwide since the past decades. About 11 million cancer cases are added every year. Cancer is also called malignant tumor which developed as abnormal cells in the body. And once the patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor in the body, the survival ratios are very low. Thus, prevention and curation for tumor have become a significant part in tumor scientific research and disease control all over the world. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the three dominant methods to treat tumor in recent decades. Among these treatments, chemotherapy is most frequently used. However, as these treatments have serious side effects in tumor carriers, efforts have been made to search other nontoxic biological macromolecules that have antitumor properties. Polysaccharides are one of the most important components in organic compounds and widely involved in many biological phenomena. Mushrooms have been valued as edible and medical provision for mankind for thousands years. Due to its diversity and diverse distributions, its medicinal values are utilized by folks, especially in China and Japan. In recent years, special attentions are paid to mushroom-derived polysaccharides. Evidences have shown that mushroom polysaccharides have direct and indirect antitumor activities, mostly by way of immunomodulation. This chapter will discuss several aspects of mushroom polysaccharides such as its bioactivities, antitumor mechanisms, toxicity, and also the clinical trials conducted. The main aims of this review are to summarize the available information about mushroom polysaccharides and give a thorough understanding in this area and thus provide references for research and application in antitumor in the future.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three-dimensional

5-FU:

5-Fluorouracil

AKT:

Protein kinase B

C. versicolor :

Coriolus versicolor

CCl4 :

Carbon tetrachloride

G. frondosa :

Grifola frondosa

G. lucidum :

Ganoderma lucidum

GLPP:

G. lucidum polysaccharides peptide

Gl-PS:

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

IL-12:

Interleukin-12

IL-2:

Interleukin-2

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

INF-γ:

Interferon-γ

L. edodes :

Lentinus edodes

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NK:

Natural killer

P. eryngii :

Pleurotus eryngii

PAC:

Cyclophosphamide

PDP:

Polysaccharide from Pholiota dinghuensis Bi

PEPE:

Polysaccharidic extract of P. eryngii

PNPS-1:

Polysaccharide isolated from Pholiota nameko

PSK:

Protein-bound polysaccharide Krestin

PSP:

Polysaccharide peptide

PSPC:

Polysaccharides-protein complex

RFA:

Radiofrequency ablation

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S-GAP-P:

Sulfated polysaccharide

SPG:

Schizophyllan

STZ:

Streptozocin

TACE:

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China

    Haixia Chen & Shuqin Li

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  1. Haixia Chen
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  2. Shuqin Li
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Correspondence to Haixia Chen .

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  1. Botany Department, M.L.Sukhadia University, Badgaon, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Chen, H., Li, S. (2014). Polysaccharides from Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Antitumor Activities. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_3-1

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