At the Crossroads: The World Trading System and the Doha Round

Since its foundation in 1995 the legitimacy of the WTO – and Since its foundation in 1995 the legitimacy of the WTO – and herewith the notion of organising global trade on the basis of herewith the notion of organising global trade on the basis of concepts like trade-liberalisation, treaty-based rule of law and concepts like trade-liberalisation, treaty-based rule of law and enforceability – is challenged for very different reasons: Some – enforceability – is challenged for very different reasons: Some – mostly in the industrialised parts of the world – feel that the system mostly in the industrialised parts of the world – feel that the system as such or particular aspects like, e. g. , the regulations for trade in as such or particular aspects like, e. g. , the regulations for trade in services might be a threat to democracy, others – mostly from services might be a threat to democracy, others – mostly from developing countries or newly industrializing countries – deem the developing countries or newly industrializing countries – deem the system fundamentally imbalanced, allowing for the application of system fundamentally imbalanced, allowing for the application of double standards by the developed countries. Besides, issues like double standards by the developed countries.

Stefan Griller (editor, author), Lawyer, is Jean Monnet-Professor for Public Law with special regard to European Law at the Europainstitut of Wirtschaftsuniversität, Vienna. He was the founding President of ECSA Austria in 1996 and since 2002 serves as the organization’s Secretary General.

Lorand Bartels, Lawyer, holds degrees in English Literature and Law from the University of New South Wales, Australia, and a doctorate in Law from the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. Before joining the University of Cambridge / UK, he served as a Lecturer in International Economic Law at the University of Edinburgh. Currently he is Humboldt Fellow at Max Planck Institute for International Law in Heidelberg.

Jacques Bourgeois, Lawyer, professor at the College of Europe in Bruges. Before, he worked with the EC Commission’s legal service, with the main work focuses trade and antitrust policies.

Fritz Breuss, Economist, is Jean Monnet-Professor for the economy of European integration at the Europainstitut of Wirtschaftsuniversität, Vienna, and collaborator of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research – WiFo. Since 2002 he is President of ECSA Austria.

Thomas Cottier, Lawyer, is Managing Director of the World Trade Institute and Professor for European and International Economic Law at University of Berne, Switzerland. Since the 1980s he has been member of the Swiss GATT-delegation and Member and chairman of various GATT- and WTO-panels.

William J. Davey, Lawyer, is Guy Raymond Jones-Professor of Law at the University of Illinois College of Law in Urbana- Champaign, teaching in international trade law, European Union law, and international business transactions. From 1995-99 he served as the Director of the Legal Affairs Division of the WTO.

Piet Eeckhout, Lawyer, is Professor of European Law King’s College London, Director of its Centre of European Law, andVisiting Professor at College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. Before he worked with Advocate General Francis Jacobs at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.

Markus F. Hofreither, Economist, is Professor at the Institute for Sustainable Economic Development of the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna. Apart from many other respective assignments, he served as an expert in agricultural issues for the European Commission.

Gabrielle Marceau, Lawyer, is Member of the Cabinet of Pascal Lamy, the Director General of the WTO, and Visiting Lecturer at the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International Studies. Since May 2005, she is associate professor at the Institute for International Public Law of the University of Geneva.

Alan Matthews, Economist, is Jean Monnet-Professor of European Agricultural Policy at the Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Formerly, he worked as a practitioner in agriculture in Africa and Ireland. Since 2003 he is Member of the Executive Committee of the Agricultural Economics Society.

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, Lawyer, is Jean Monnet-Professor for German and European Company- and Economic Law at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Since 2002 he serves as Chairman of the Executive Board of ECSA Austria’s German partner-organization Arbeitskreis Europäische Integration.

Joost Pauwelyn, Lawyer, is Associate Professor at the Duke University School of Law in Durham / NC, USA. Since 2002, he served – among others – as a Legal Affairs Officer for the WTO, first, in the Legal Affairs Division, then in the Appellate Body Secretariat.

Satoko Takenoshita, Economist, graduated in economics at Tokyo’s Hosei University and in international relations in Bologna, Italy. When she wrote her contribution to this book with Thomas Cottier she worked with the World Trade Institute in Berne,Switzerland.

Anastasios Tomazos, Lawyer, at the time of writing the paper in the volume at hand was working with the Legal Affairs Division of the WTO Secretariat. At present he working with Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP in New York.

Erich Vranes, Lawyer, is working in the Legal Department of the Europainstitut of Wirtschaftsuniversität, Vienna, since 2000.

Wolfgang Weiß, Lawyer, Professor for Public Law at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, and Reader in International Law at the Oxford Brookes University. His volume ‘Welthandelsrecht’ (co-authored with Ch. Herrmann) is the standard textbook on world trade law in the German speaking area.