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Fish Ecotoxicology pp 203–224Cite as

Birkhäuser

“Oxidative stress” in fish by environmental pollutants

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Part of the book series: EXS ((EXS,volume 86))

Summary

Evolution of aerobic life on earth faced the problem of having to minimize the constant threat of damage through reactive oxygen species. As a response, mechanisms for safe handling of oxygen and its metabolites have evolved. There is a constant production of reactive oxygen species in all living cells in which roughly up to 1% of the total oxygen consumption of an animal may be attributed to reactive oxygen species generation and detoxification. Mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major source for reactive oxygen species. Interferences with this pathway even increase the cells’ reactive oxygen species burden, inducing oxidative stress. Metabolism of xenobiotic pollutants may result in the additional formation of reactive oxygen species. During oxidation of xenobiotics ambient oxygen is activated which may be released from the enzymes, damaging cellular structures and functions. Furthermore, reduced moieties of pollutants or their metabolites react with oxygen, producing superoxide (redox cycling). Reactive oxygen species thus represent a common side product of xenobiotic metabolism and many pollutants actually exert part of their toxicity through the formation of reactive oxygen species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Reinhard Lackner

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  1. Reinhard Lackner
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  1. Department of Zoology I, Morphology/Ecology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Thomas Braunbeck

  2. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    David E. Hinton

  3. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biologie-Campus, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstrasse, D-60054, Frankfurt, Germany

    Bruno Streit

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Lackner, R. (1998). “Oxidative stress” in fish by environmental pollutants. In: Braunbeck, T., Hinton, D.E., Streit, B. (eds) Fish Ecotoxicology. EXS, vol 86. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8853-0_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8853-0_6

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