Summary
Relatedness between individuals as well as evolutionary relationships between populations can be studied by comparing genotypic similarities between individuals. When hypervariable loci are used to describe genotypes, it is shown that both of these problems can be approached with a unified theory based on allele sharing between individuals. The distributions of the number of shared alleles between individuals indicate their kin relationships. Extending this, we obtain statistics for genetic distances between populations based on average number of alleles shared between individuals within and between two different populations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Boerwinkle E, Xiong W, Fourest E, Chan L (1989) Rapid typing of tandemly repeated hypervariable loci by the polymerase chain reaction: Application to the apolipoprotein B 3’ hypervariable region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 212–216
Burke T, Hanotte O, Bruford MW, Cairns E (1991) Multilocus and single locus minisatellite analysis in population biological studies. In: Burke T, Dolf G, Jeffreys AJ, Wolff R (eds) DNA Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, pp 154–168
Budowle B, Giusti AM, Waye JS, Baechtel FS, Fourney RM, Adams DE, Presley LA, Deadman HA, Monson KL (1991a) Fixed-bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distributions of allelic data from VNTR loci, for use in forensic comparisons. Am J Hum Genet 48: 841–855
Budowle B, Chakraborty R, Giusti AM, Eisenberg AE, Allen RC (1991b) Analysis of the VNTR locus D1S80 by the PCR followed by high-resolution PAGE. Am J Hum Genet 48: 137–144
Chakraborty R, deAndrade M, Daiger SP, Budowle B (1992) Apparent heterozygote deficiencies observed in DNA typing data and their implications in forensic applications. Ann Hum Genet 56: 45–59
Chakraborty R, Fornage M, Gueguen R, Boerwinkle E (1991) Population genetics of hypervariable loci: analysis of PCR based VNTR polymorphism within a population. In: Burke T, Dolf G, Jeffreys AJ, Wolff R (eds) DNA Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 127–143
Chakraborty R, Jin L (1993) Determination of relatedness between individuals by DNA fingerprinting. Hum Biol (in press)
Chakraborty R, Kidd KK (1991) The utility of DNA typing in forensic work. Science 254: 1735–1739
Chakraborty R, Schull WJ (1976) A note on the distribution of the number of exclusions to be expected in paternity testing. Am J Hum Genet 28: 615–618
Clark AG (1987) Neutrality tests of highly polymorphic restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 41: 948–956
Deka R, Chakraborty R, DeCroo S, Rothhammer, F, Barton SA, Farrell RE (1992) Characteristics of polymorphism at a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) locus 3’ to the apolipoprotein B gene in five human populations. Am J Hum Genet 51: 1325–1333
Devlin B, Risch N, Roeder K (1990) No excess of homozygosity at loci used for DNA fingerprinting. Science 249: 1416–1420
Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT (1991) DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am J Hum Genet 49: 746–756
Edwards A, Hammond HA, Jin L, Caskey CT, Chakraborty R (1992) Genetic variation of five trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeat loci in four human population groups. Genomics 12: 241–253
Essen-Möller E (1938) Die Beweiskraft der Ähnlichkeit im Vaterschaftsnachweis; theoretische Grundlagen. Mitt Anthrop Ges 68: 9–53
Flint J, Boyce AJ, Martinson JJ, Clegg JB (1989) Population bottlenecks in Polynesia revealed by minisatellite. Hum Genet 83: 257–263
Gilbert DA, Lehman N, O’Brien SJ, Wayne RK (1990) Genetic fingerprinting reflects population differentiation in the California Channel Island fox. Nature 344: 764–767
Gilbert DA, Packer C, Pusey AE, Stephens JC, O’Brien SJ (1991) Analytical DNA fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic diversity, and kinship. J Hered 82: 378–386
Jeffreys AJ, Brookfield JFY, Semenoff R (1985a) Positive identification of an immigration test-case using human DNA fingerprints. Nature 317: 818–819
Jeffreys AJ, MacLeod A, Tamaki K, Neil DL, Monckton DG (1991) Minisatellite repeat coding as a digital approach to DNA typing. Nature 354: 204–209
Jeffreys AJ, Neumann R, Wilson V, Wong Z (1988) Spontaneous mutation rates to new length alleles at tandem-repetitive hypervariable loci in human DNA. Nature 332: 278–281
Jeffreys AJ, Turner M, Debenham P (1991) The efficiency of multilocus DNA fingerprint probes for individualization and establishment of family relationships, determined from extensive case-work. Am J Hum Genet 48: 824–840
Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Thein SL (1985) Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in the human DNA. Nature 314: 67–73
Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Thein SL, Weatherall DJ, Ponder BAJ (1986) DNA ‘fingerprints’ and segregation analysis of multiple markers in human pedigrees. Am J Hum Genet 39: 11–24
Jin L, Chakraborty R (1993) Population dynamics of DNA fingerprinting patterns within and between populations.Genet Res (in press)
Kimura M, Crow JF (1964) The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genetic 49: 725–738
Li CC, Sacks L (1954) The derivation of joint distribution and correlation between relatives by the use of stochastic matrices. Biometrics 10: 347–360
Li WH, Nei M (1975) Drift variances of heterozygosity and genetic distance in transient states. Genet Res 25: 229–248
Lynch M (1988) Estimation of relatedness by DNA fingerprinting. Mol Biol Evol 5: 584–599
Nakamura Y, Leppert M, O’Connell P, Wolff R, Holm T, Culver M, Martin C, Fujimoto E, Hoff M, Kumlin E, White R (1987) Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for human gene mapping. Science 235: 1616–1622
Nei M (1972) Genetic distance between populations. Amer Nature 106: 283–292
Nei M (1975) Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution. North-Holland, Amsterdam New York
Nei M (1987) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York
Nei M, Li WH (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5269–5273
Nei M, Roychoudhury AK (1982) Genetic relationship and evolution of human races. Evol Biol 14: 1–59
Saitou N, Nei M (1986) The number of nucleotides required to determine the branching order of three species with special reference to the human-chimpanzee-gorilla divergence. J Mol Evol 24: 189–204
Stephens JC, Gilbert DA, Yuhki N, O’Brien SJ (1992) Estimation of heterozygosity for single-probe multilocus DNA fingerprints. Mol Biol Evol 9: 729–743
Thompson EA (1991) Estimation of relationship from genetic data. In: Rao CR, Chakraborty R (eds) Handbook of Statistics 8. North-Holland. Amsterdam London New York Tokyo
Weissenbach J, Gyapay G, Dib C, Vignal A, Morissette J, Milasseau P, Vaysseix G, Lathrop M (1992) A second-generation linkage map of the human genome. Nature 359: 794–801
Wyman AR, White R (1980) A highly polymorphic locus in human DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 6754–6758
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Basel AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chakraborty, R., Jin, L. (1993). A unified approach to study hypervariable polymorphisms: Statistical considerations of determining relatedness and population distances. In: Pena, S.D.J., Chakraborty, R., Epplen, J.T., Jeffreys, A.J. (eds) DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science. Progress in Systems and Control Theory. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_14
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-2906-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8583-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive