Skip to main content

Collecting Activities and States in German Business Process Models

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Business Process Management Workshops (BPM 2023)

Abstract

In this paper we describe a publicly available dataset containing 6,266 verb phrases which can be used to express activities and states in business process models in German language. This addresses the problem that often activities or states in labels of business process models are not expressed by a single verb but rather by a multiword expression.

Verb phrases that are considered semantically equivalent have been grouped into synsets. This helps to identify the actual meaning of a textual label.

The dataset has been compiled from a comprehensive analysis of 6,711 business process models with German labels and a study of already available collections of multiword expressions in the literature.

The resource can be used for algorithms that analyze business process models with respect to the semantics of their labels.

Ms. Kutzner is a former project member.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    in particular:

    https://www.grammatiktraining.de/nomenverb/grammatikliste-nomen-verb-verbindungen.html and https://program.idf.uni-heidelberg.de/fvg/liste.

  2. 2.

    https://github.com/camunda/bpmn-for-research/.

  3. 3.

    https://www.ech-bpm.ch.

  4. 4.

    The mapping of label texts to verb frames and synsets has been done by means of a computer program. This means that the actual number of occurrences could slightly differ from the given number, e.g. because of errors in the automatic mapping of inflected verbs to their infinitives.

References

  1. van der Aa, H., Carmona, J., Leopold, H., Mendling, J., Padró, L.: Challenges and opportunities of applying natural language processing in business process management. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics 2018, pp. 2791–2801. Association for Computational Linguistics (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bruker, A.: Funktionsverbgefüge im Deutschen. Bachelor+Master Publ. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Decker, G., Overdick, H., Weske, M.: Oryx – an open modeling platform for the BPM community. In: Dumas, M., Reichert, M., Shan, M.-C. (eds.) BPM 2008. LNCS, vol. 5240, pp. 382–385. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85758-7_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, vol. 1, pp. 4171–4186. Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ehrig, M., Koschmider, A., Oberweis, A.: Measuring similarity between semantic business process models. In: Conceptual Modelling 2007, pp. 71–80 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Eid-Sabbagh, R.-H., Kunze, M., Weske, M.: An open process model library. In: Daniel, F., Barkaoui, K., Dustdar, S. (eds.) BPM 2011. LNBIP, vol. 100, pp. 26–38. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28115-0_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Fellbaum, C. (ed.): WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database (Language, Speech, and Communication). The MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  8. GermaNet: Verb frames. https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-humanities/departments/modern-languages/department-of-linguistics/chairs/general-and-computational-linguistics/ressources/lexica/germanet/description/verbs/verb-frames/#c1081857

  9. Grave, E., Bojanowski, P., Gupta, P., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Learning word vectors for 157 languages. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hamp, B., Feldweg, H.: GermaNet - a lexical-semantic net for German. In: Automatic Information Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources for NLP Applications (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Harm, V.: Funktionsverbgefüge des Deutschen: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie zwischen Lexikon und Grammatik. De Gruyter (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Keller, G., Detering, S.: Process-oriented modeling and analysis of business processes using the R/3 reference model. In: Bernus, P., Nemes, L. (eds.) Modelling and Methodologies for Enterprise Integration. ITIFIP, pp. 69–87. Springer, Boston, MA (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34983-1_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Kunze, M., Berger, P., Weske, M.: BPM academic initiative - fostering empirical research. In: Demonstration Track of the 10th International Conference on Business Process Management 2012. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 940, pp. 1–5 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Langer, S.: A formal specification of support verb constructions. In: Langer, S., Schnorbusch, D. (eds.) Semantik im Lexikon, Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik, vol. 479, pp. 179–201. Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Laue, R., Koop, W., Gruhn, V.: Indicators for open issues in business process models. In: Daneva, M., Pastor, O. (eds.) REFSQ 2016. LNCS, vol. 9619, pp. 102–116. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30282-9_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Laue, R., Koschmider, A., Fahland, D. (eds.): Prozessmanagement und Process-Mining - Grundlagen. De Gruyter Studium. De Gruyter (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Leopold, H.: Natural Language in Business Process Models - Theoretical Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. LNBIP, vol. 168. Springer, Cham (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04175-9

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Marušić, B.: Funktionsverbgefüge in deutscher Konzernsprache. Ph.D. thesis, University of Osijek, Croatia (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mendling, J., Leopold, H., Pittke, F.: 25 challenges of semantic process modeling. Int. J. Inf. Syst. Softw. Eng. Big Companies (IJISEBC) 1(1), 78–94 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mendling, J., Recker, J., Reijers, H.A.: On the usage of labels and icons in business process modeling. Int. J. Inf. Syst. Model. Des. 1(2), 40–58 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Nüttgens, M., Feld, T., Zimmermann, V.: Business process modeling with EPC and UML: transformation or integration? In: The Unified Modeling Language - Technical Aspects and Applications 1997, pp. 250–261. Physica, Heidelberg (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  22. van Pottelberge, J.: Funktionsverbgefüge und verwandte Erscheinungen. In: Burger, H., Dobrovolskij, D., Kühn, P., Norrick, N.R. (eds.) Phraseologie, vol. 1, pp. 436–444. De Gruyter Mouton (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Reimers, N., Gurevych, I.: Making monolingual sentence embeddings multilingual using knowledge distillation. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rosa, M.L., Dumas, M., Uba, R., Dijkman, R.M.: Business process model merging: an approach to business process consolidation. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 22(2), 11:1–11:42 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Scheer, A.W.: Business Process Engineering: Reference Models for Industrial Enterprises. Springer, Heidelberg (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79142-0

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Schuler, K.K., Korhonen, A., Brown, S.W.: VerbNet overview, extensions, mappings and applications. In: Human Language Technologies: Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Proceedings, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 31 May–5 June 2009, Tutorial Abstracts, pp. 13–14. The Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schumacher, H. (ed.): Verben in Feldern. Walter de Gruyter (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Touvron, H., et al.: LLaMA: open and efficient foundation language models. Preprint arXiv:2302.13971 (2023)

  29. Wartena, C.: A probabilistic morphology model for German lemmatization. In: 15th Conference on Natural Language Processing (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Winkler, E.: Der Wortschatzausschnitt der deutschen Kommunikationsverben - eine empirische Bestandsaufnahme des Wortbestandes. In: Harras, G., Proost, K., Winkler, E. (eds.) Handbuch deutscher Kommunikationsverben. Teil 2: Lexikalische Strukturen, pp. 25–71. de Gruyter (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Our research project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project 445156547.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ralf Laue .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Laue, R., Kutzner, K., Läuter, M. (2024). Collecting Activities and States in German Business Process Models. In: De Weerdt, J., Pufahl, L. (eds) Business Process Management Workshops. BPM 2023. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 492. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50974-2_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50974-2_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50973-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-50974-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics