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Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment

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Updates on Clostridioides difficile in Europe

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AMIDPH,volume 1435))

Abstract

Clostridioides difficile is ubiquitous and is found in humans, animals and in variety of environments. The substantial overlap of ribotypes between all three main reservoirs suggests the extensive transmissions. Here we give the overview of European studies investigating farm, companion and wild animals, food and environments including water, soil, sediment, wastewater treatment plants, biogas plants, air, and households. Studies in Europe are more numerous especially in last couple of years, but are still fragmented in terms of countries, animal species, or type of environment covered. Soil seem to be the habitat of divergent unusual lineages of C. difficile. But the most important aspect of animals and environment is their role in C. difficile transmissions and their potential as a source for human infection is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain

    Cristina Rodriguez-Diaz

  2. Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Cristina Rodriguez-Diaz

  3. Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany

    Christian Seyboldt

  4. National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, NLZOH, Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

  5. University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

Authors
  1. Cristina Rodriguez-Diaz
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  2. Christian Seyboldt
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  3. Maja Rupnik
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Former Research Director in the Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy

    Paola Mastrantonio

  2. Department for Microbiological Research, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food (NLZOH), Maribor, Slovenia

    Maja Rupnik

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Rodriguez-Diaz, C., Seyboldt, C., Rupnik, M. (2024). Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment. In: Mastrantonio, P., Rupnik, M. (eds) Updates on Clostridioides difficile in Europe. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1435. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_15

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