Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led governments to impose measures to reduce virus transmissibility, leading to the home office, and children were sent home to take online classes. These restrictions affected children's movement time and interrupting sports activities. This study aimed to assess the levels of children's physical activity (PA) during confinement. Children used an accelerometer in their non-dominant wrist to measure levels of PA and separated by sedentary-to-light or moderate-to-vigorous intensities, for four consecutive days (two days during the week and two during the weekend. Results showed that children spent only one hour in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities per day, but it is not consecutively. In addition, we also analyze the consecutive time of PA, which provides further information regarding children's activity patterns. Besides, children spend most of their time at sedentary levels, being more active during the weekend days. Regarding the environment, there are significant differences between having outdoor space and living in a house or apartment. Children have increased their sedentary levels by spending more time in sedentary activities. Our findings provide further evidence that COVID-19 affected PA levels in children. This behavior can affect long-term mental and physical health if subjected to long-term assessment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fitbit Staff.: The Impact of Coronavirus On Global Activity (2020). Available from: https://blog.fitbit.com/covid-19-global-activity/
Pombo, A., Luz, C., Rodrigues, L., Ferreira, C., Cordovil, R.: Correlates of children’s physi- cal activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. Public Health. 189, 14–9 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-41842/v1
Dias, P., Brito, R.: A Vida Digital das Crianças em Tempos de Covid-19 Práticas digitais, segurança e bem-estar de crianças entre os 6 e os 18 anos. Relatório Nacional–Portugal (2021). Available from: https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/32132/1/relatorio_FINAL_KIDICOTI%281%29.pdf
Costa, C., Ticló, S., Ferreira-Carvalho, R., Delgado, R., Lobarinhas, M., Teixeira, G., et al.: Avaliação de Sintomas Psiquiátricos Durante o Confinamento no Contexto da Pandemia COVID‑19 numa População Clínica Pedopsiquiátrica. Rev. Port Psiquiatr e Saúde Ment. 7(1), 9–21 (2021). Available from: https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2021.v.il.176
Gouveia, É.R., Lizandra, J., Martinho, D.V., França, C., Ihle, A., Sarmento, H., Antunes, H., Correia, A.L., Lopes, H., Marques, A.: The impact of different pedagogical models on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in physical education classes. Children 9, 1790 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121790
Hoffman, J., Miller, E.: Addressing the consequences of school closure due to COVID-19 on children’s physical and mental well-being. World Med. Heal. Policy 12(3), 300–310 (2020). Available from: doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.365
Renzo, L., Paola, G., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Giulia, C., et al.: Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J. Transl. Med. 18(1), 1–15 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
Silva, S., Flôres, F., Corrêa, S., Cordovil, R., Copetti, F.: Mother’s perception of children’s motor development in Southern Brazil. Percept. Mot. Skills. 124(1), 72–85 (2016). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516676203
Flôres, F., Rodrigues, L.P., Copetti, F., Lopes, F., Cordovil, R.: Affordances for motor skill development in home, school, and sport environments: a narrative review. Percept. Mot. Skills 126(3), 003151251982927 (2019)
Pombo, A., Luz, C., Rodrigues, L., Cordovil, R.: COVID-19 Confinement in Portugal: effects on the household routines of children under 13, 1–16 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-45764/v1
Varea, V., González-Calvo, G.: Touchless classes and absent bodies: teaching physical education in times of Covid-19. Sport Educ. Soc. 1–15 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1791814
Sierra-Díaz, M., González-Víllora, S., Pastor-Vicedo, J., López-Sánchez, G.: Can we motivate students to practice physical activities and sports through models-based practice? a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial factors related to physical education. Front Psychol. 10 (2019). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02115
Nogueira-de-Almeida, C.A., Del Ciampo, L.A., Ferraz, I.S., Del Ciampo, I.R.L., Contini, A.A., Ued F da V.: COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review. J. Pediatr. (Rio J) 96(5), 546–58 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001
OMS.: Diretrizes da OMS para atividade física e comportamento sedentário (2020)
Jimmy, G., Seiler, R., Mäder, U.: Development and validation of GT3X accelerometer cut- off points in 5- to 9-year-old children based on indirect calorimetry measurements. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Sport und Sport 61(4), 37–43 (2013). Available from: https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.41860
Chandler, J., Brazendale, K., Beets, M., Mealing, B.: Classification of physical activity intensities using a wrist-worn accelerometer in 8–12-year-old children. Pediatr Obes. 11(2), 120–127 (2015). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12033
Gutiérrez-Hervás, A., Cortés-Castell, E., Juste-Ruíz, M., Palazón-Bru, A., Gil-Guillén, V., Rizo- Baeza, M.: Physical activity values in two-to seven-year-old children measured by accelerometer over five consecutive 24 h days. Nutr. Hosp. (2017). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.1403
Boiché, J., Escalera, M., Chanal, J.: Students physical activity assessed by accelerometers and motivation for physical education during class: should we consider lessons as a whole or only active periods? PLoS One 15(3), 1–9 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229046
Hillman, C., Logan, N., Shigeta, T.: A review of acute physical activity effects on brain and cognition in children. Am. Coll. Sport Med. 4(17), 132–136 (2019)
Glazer, N., Lyass, A., Esliger, D., Blease, S., Freedson, P., Massaro, J., et al.: Sustained and shorter bouts of physical activity are related to cardiovascular health. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc. 23(1), 1–7 (2013). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826beae5
World Health Organization.: WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Heal Organ [Internet] 535 (2020). Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookor-ders.%0A, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325147/WHO-NMH-PND-2019.4-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0A, http://www.who.int/iris/han-dle/10665/311664%0A, https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/325147%0A, http://apps.who.int
Tarp, J., Child, A., White, T., Westgate, K., Bugge, A., Grøntved, A., et al.: Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardio-metabolic risk markers in children and adolescents (2018). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0152-8
Roscoe, C., James, R., Duncan, M.: Accelerometer-based physical activity levels differ between week and weekend days in british preschool children. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 4(3), 65 (2019). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030065
Castañer, M., Camerino, O., Landry, P., Pares, N.: Quality of physical activity of children in exergames: sequential body movement analysis and its implications for interaction design. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. [Internet] (2016). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.07.007
Guessoum, S., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., et al.: Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res. 291, 113264 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264
Mattioli, A., Puviani, M., Nasi, M., Farinetti, A.: COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 74(6):852–855 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0646-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Soares, D., Rodrigues, C., Lourenço, J., Flôres, F. (2024). Evaluation of the Physical Activity Intensity in Primary School Children During the Lockdown. In: Arezes, P.M., et al. Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health V. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 492. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38277-2_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38277-2_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-38276-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-38277-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)