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Historical Perspectives and Overview of the Value of Herbal Medicine

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Herbal Medicine Phytochemistry

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

  • 69 Accesses

Abstract

Herbal medicine practices are as old as human history. Plants have been used to treat and manage different disease conditions in different parts of the world since time immemorial. Currently, about 80% of the global population uses herbal medicine directly or indirectly to manage or treat disease conditions. The use of plants to treat diseases depends on the local knowledge and cultural practices of the indigenous people of the area and requires a certain level of inborn skills or formal/informal training for the efficient and effective utilization of the herbal formulations. In herbal medicine, plants are used for spiritual processes including libation, sacrifice, appeasing of the gods, invocation, divination, food preparation, and as medicine. Whole plant or their parts are formulated into herbal medicine that is dependent on the bioactive constituents of the plant and their parts. Some diseases that have been successfully managed using herbal medicine include memory loss, cardiovascular issues, arthritis, osteoarthritis, digestive and respiratory diseases, reproductive problems, skin diseases, neurological issues, diabetes, diverse types of cancers, hypertension, and many others. Herbal medicines may be utilized in powder or liquid form and depending on the ailment may be ingested or externally applied on the affected parts of the body, but dosages are often unspecified or unclear. Herbal medicine is at a critical development stage, and there is a need for research and regulatory policies to support and standardize the processes involved in the exploration of raw materials, production of herbal remedies, branding, and marketing as well as sustainable utilization. Through research and regulatory policy, there will be greater clarity about herbal medicine processing, procedures, delivery routes, dosages, and compatibility, which will position the agelong process to be competitive, integrated into, or practiced alongside conventional medicine.

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Abbreviations

%:

Percent or Percentage

AD:

Anno Domini

AHM:

Arab Herbal medicine

AM:

Arabic medicine

AMM:

Arabic materia medica

AMPK:

5’ AMP-activated protein kinase

BC:

Before Christ

BCE:

Before the Christian Era

CAM:

Complementary and alternative medicine

CAMHI:

Conference of African Ministers of Health

COVID-19 :

Coronavirus disease 2019

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HIV/AIDS:

Human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography,

IIS:

C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinases

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NFκB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer

OAU:

Organization of African Unity

ORID:

Other related infectious diseases

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

SATM:

Standardized African traditional medicines

TB:

Tuberculosis

TCM:

Traditional Chinese Medicine

U.S.:

United States

USA:

United States of America

USD:

United States Dollars

USG:

United States Government

WHM:

Western Herbal Medicine

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Nigeria

    Sylvester Chibueze Izah

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Nigeria

    Odangowei Inetiminebi Ogidi

  3. Goodnight Family Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA

    Matthew Chidozie Ogwu

  4. School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia

    Saoban Sunkanmi Salimon

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Qalam University, Katsina, Nigeria

    Zaharadeen Muhammad Yusuf

  6. Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Akram

  7. Department of Community Medicine, Environmental Health Unit, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

    Morufu Olalekan Raimi

  8. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Austin-Asomeji Iyingiala

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  1. Sylvester Chibueze Izah
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  1. Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa, Nigeria

    Sylvester Chibueze Izah

  2. Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, Boone, USA

    Matthew Chidozie Ogwu

  3. Government College, University of Faisalabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Akram

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Izah, S.C. et al. (2023). Historical Perspectives and Overview of the Value of Herbal Medicine. In: Izah, S.C., Ogwu, M.C., Akram, M. (eds) Herbal Medicine Phytochemistry. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21973-3_1-1

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