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Antimalarial Drug Resistance: Trends, Mechanisms, and Strategies to Combat Antimalarial Resistance

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Malarial Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Malaria is among the most prevalent parasite infections caused by Plasmodium genus. According to the most recent data available for the year 2020, the disease killed about 627,000 people, the majority (67%) of whom were children under the age of 5. Resistance, notably in Plasmodium falciparum, has been a foremost factor in the doubling of malaria-related child mortality in eastern and southern Africa. Additionally, antimalarial drug resistance is the utmost likely cause of malaria’s global recurrence in the last three decades. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been found to be resistant to currently available antimalarial medicines. Plasmodium falciparum parasite has evolved resistance to practically all antimalarial agents in use, while Plasmodium vivax exhibited resistance to primaquine and chloroquine in some areas. Understanding the statistics of distinct classes of antimalarial drug resistance and introducing strategies that can postpone the emergence of resistance are crucial for making predictions on the onset and spread of resistance to existing antimalarial drugs and recently introduced molecules. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of resistance and finding particular genetic loci linked to this phenotype are critical for antimalarial resistance surveillance and containment. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms and molecular markers of antimalarial drug resistance and emerging strategies to counter its resistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India

    Chirag A. Patel & Sonal Pande

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Smt BNB Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, Vapi, India

    Priya Shukla

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India

    Ketan Ranch

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Moawia M. Al-Tabakha & Sai H. S. Boddu

  5. Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Moawia M. Al-Tabakha & Sai H. S. Boddu

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    Ranjita Shegokar

  2. Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Florida, USA

    Yashwant Pathak

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Patel, C.A., Pande, S., Shukla, P., Ranch, K., Al-Tabakha, M.M., Boddu, S.H.S. (2023). Antimalarial Drug Resistance: Trends, Mechanisms, and Strategies to Combat Antimalarial Resistance. In: Shegokar, R., Pathak, Y. (eds) Malarial Drug Delivery Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15848-3_3

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