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The Paranasal Sinuses of the Hofmeyr Cranium

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Hofmeyr

Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

Abstract

This chapter provides the first descriptions of the intact paranasal sinuses of the Hofmeyr cranium, which include both frontal sinuses and the right maxillary sinus, and compares these structures across Recent and fossil Homo sapiens. In comparison to Recent human samples, the Hofmeyr cranium presents with absolutely and relatively small frontal and maxillary sinuses. The diminutive sizes of the frontal sinuses are paradoxical given the large size and robusticity of the cranium, with an inflated glabellar prominence and well-developed supraorbital tori. The small size of the Hofmeyr frontal sinus is similar to several penecontemporaneous Upper Paleolithic/Late Pleistocene crania from Europe, as well as Recent H. sapiens from high latitudes. The maxillary sinus in Hofmeyr falls comfortably within the range of Recent H. sapiens and is quite similar to penecontemporaneous fossil H. sapiens. When cranial size is taken into account, the Hofmeyr maxillary sinus volume is in the lower ranges of the samples studied here, including neighboring sub-Saharan human populations. This diminutive volume stands in contrast to the lack of a deeply excavated cheek in Hofmeyr, which theoretically should allow for additional pneumatization compared to other sub-Saharan samples. The results for the Hofmeyr cranium suggest that there is not a simple, direct relationship between external and internal maxillofacial morphology.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For the purposes of the present chapter, “Recent H. sapiens” refers to material <1,000 BP, which we differentiate from the fossil H. sapiens sample, which comprises Late Pleistocene or very early Holocene material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the various institutions and archives that house the cranial collections and/or CT scans utilized here, and the curators and researchers who have permitted and facilitated access to them. L. Butaric would specifically like to thank L. Copes for access to Greenland and Mongolian CT scans (which can be accessed at www.lynncopes.com); G. Garcia of the American Museum of Natural History and P. Som of the Mt. Sinai Hospital Radiology Department for access to and scanning several European and Chukchi specimens; J. Monge and T. Schoenemann of the Open Research Scan Archive for providing access to several West African specimens; D. van Gerven and A. Lawrence of Colorado University-Boulder for access to, and R. Karki of Anschutz Medical Campus at the University of Colorado-Denver for scanning the Kulubnarti collection of Sudanese Nubian crania; D. Hunt and B. Frohlich of the Smithsonian Institute for access to and scanning of West African, Chukchi, and European samples; as well as the additional institutions/personnel as acknowledged in her previous studies. L. Buck would like to thank T. Rae, C. Stringer and A. MacLarnon for supervising the PhD dissertation from which data were taken and the people and institutions acknowledged therein for access to facilities and specimens. F.E. Grine is grateful to Heiko Temming, Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, for producing the micro-CT scans of the skull, and to the Leakey Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the Leverhulme Trust, the National Geographic Society, the American Philosophical Society and Stony Brook University for their financial support of the Hofmeyr project. We are grateful to Todd Rae and two anonymous reviewers for providing cogent comments and suggests, which have served to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA

    Lauren N. Butaric

  2. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK

    Laura T. Buck

  3. PaleoFED Team, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Musée de L’Homme, 17, Place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France

    Antoine Balzeau

  4. Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium

    Antoine Balzeau

  5. Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Bosman Road, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Anton du Plessis

  6. Object Research Systems, 460 Saint-Catherine St. W, Montreal, H3B 1A7, Qubec, Canada

    Anton du Plessis

  7. Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4364, USA

    Frederick E. Grine

  8. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Frederick E. Grine

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  1. Lauren N. Butaric
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  2. Laura T. Buck
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  3. Antoine Balzeau
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  4. Anton du Plessis
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  5. Frederick E. Grine
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lauren N. Butaric .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Anthropology and Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Frederick E. Grine

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Butaric, L.N., Buck, L.T., Balzeau, A., du Plessis, A., Grine, F.E. (2022). The Paranasal Sinuses of the Hofmeyr Cranium. In: Grine, F.E. (eds) Hofmeyr. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07426-4_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07426-4_11

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