Abstract
Fake news in the form of disinformation on social networks has become a real concern, with serious potential consequences as a result of the massive viral spreading of false information and fake news. To this end, a systematic literature review was performed to investigate how the validity of news on social media can be determined. An initial literature search resulted in identifying 1105 potentially relevant articles, which were taken through a systematic sifting process resulting in 25 articles that were analysed in detail. During a thematic analysis, four themes emerged, related to fake news, social media, the influence of bias and information literacy. This paper discusses the findings related to the four themes. The findings were distilled into a set of five guidelines that may be used to determine the validity of news on social media. The techniques are: consider the source; beware of bots; be aware of bias and make use of multiple sources; beware of mimics; and ways to recognise good sources of information. This paper contributes to the current discourse on how to distinguish between valid news and fake news on social media, and provides guidance to assist with this ever growing and increasingly important information management challenge.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hunt, K., Agarwal, P., Zhuang, J.: Tracking storms of misinformation spread amid disasters. ISE Mag. 51, 28–32 (2019)
Musgrove, A.T., Powers, J.R., Rebar, L.C., Musgrove, G.J.: Real or fake? Resources for teaching college students how to identify fake news. Coll. Undergrad. Lib. 25, 243–260 (2018)
Auberry, K.: Increasing students’ ability to identify fake news through information literacy education and content management systems. Ref. Libr. 59, 179–187 (2018)
Cooke, N.A.: Fake News and Alternative Facts: Information Literacy in a Post-Truth Era. American Library Association, Chicago (2018)
Bettany-Saltikov, J.: EBOOK: How to do a Systematic Literature Review in Nursing: A step-by-step guide (2016)
de Oliveira, N.R., Medeiros, D.S., Mattos, D.M.: A sensitive stylistic approach to identify fake news on social networking. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 27, 1250–1254 (2020)
Calvillo, D.P., Garcia, R.J., Bertrand, K., Mayers, T.A.: Personality factors and self-reported political news consumption predict susceptibility to political fake news. Personality Individ. Differ. 174, 110666 (2021)
Bondielli, A., Marcelloni, F.: A survey on fake news and rumour detection techniques. Inf. Sci. 497, 38–55 (2019)
Leeder, C.: How college students evaluate and share “fake news” stories. Libr. Inf. Sci. Res. 41, 100967 (2019)
De Paor, S., Heravi, B.: Information literacy and fake news: how the field of librarianship can help combat the epidemic of fake news. J. Acad. Librariansh. 46, 102218 (2020)
Fernández-Torres, M.J., Almansa-Martínez, A., Chamizo-Sánchez, R.: Infodemic and fake news in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18, 1781 (2021)
Nyilasy, G.: Fake news: when the dark side of persuasion takes over. Int. J. Advert. 38, 336–342 (2019)
Zhang, X., Ghorbani, A.A.: An overview of online fake news: characterization, detection, and discussion. Inf. Process. Manage. 57, 102025 (2020)
Naeem, S.B., Bhatti, R., Khan, A.: An exploration of how fake news is taking over social media and putting public health at risk. Health Inf. Libr. J. (2020)
Di Domenico, G., Sit, J., Ishizaka, A., Nunan, D.: Fake news, social media and marketing: a systematic review. J. Bus. Res. 124, 329–341 (2021)
Jang, S.M., Kim, J.K.: Third person effects of fake news: fake news regulation and media literacy interventions. Comput. Hum. Behav. 80, 295–302 (2018)
Jahng, M.R., Lee, H., Rochadiat, A.: Public relations practitioners’ management of fake news: exploring key elements and acts of information authentication. Public Relat. Rev. 46, 101907 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work is based on research supported by the National Research Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jowore, R., Turpin, M. (2022). How to Identify Fake News on Social Media: A Systematic Literature Review. In: Rocha, A., Adeli, H., Dzemyda, G., Moreira, F. (eds) Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 469. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04819-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04819-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-04818-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-04819-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)