Skip to main content

Urban Resilience in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Transformative Digitalization in European Smart Cities to Address Climate Change

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Resilient Smart Cities

Abstract

Climate change has been and is still affecting every region in Europe, with varying impacts across the continent. While some cities are generally resilient to CC impacts, other cities are not necessarily as fortunate. Promoting policies that build resilience enhances cities’ capabilities to cope with acute shocks and chronic stresses, adapt well to changing climate conditions, and ultimately transform to resilient cities. Conversely, the weak or absence of urban resilience increases the vulnerability of the urban poor to risks. It is therefore imperative to rapidly enhance urban resilience practices. To date, only 26% of 885 cities in Europe have viable adaptation plans, highlighting an imbalance in the adaptation and resilience progression across countries. Although digital transformation through increased data availability and the use of digitalization instruments has the potential to improve the rate of achieving the adaptation strategies, not much has been documented in this regard. Thus, this chapter examines the potentials of digitalization in accelerating adaptation and boosting resilience in selected European cities. Case studies are analysed through a systematic literature search, and evidence of fruitful cases are presented. We conclude by discussing some challenges of digitalization and make recommendations for future works.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abubakar IR (2021) Predictors of inequalities in land ownership among Nigerian households: implications for sustainable development. Land Use Policy 101:105194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abubakar IR, Aina YA (2019) The prospects and challenges of developing more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities in Nigeria. Land Use Policy 87:104105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar F, Bentz J, Silva J, Fonseca A, Swart R, Santos F, Penha-Lopes G (2018) Adaptation to climate change at local level in Europe: an overview. Environ Sci Policy 86:38–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balogun A, Marks D, Sharma R, Shekhar H, Balmes C, Maheng D, Arshad A, Salehi P (2020) Assessing the potentials of digitalization as a tool for climate change adaptation and sustainable development in urban centres. Sustain Cities Soc 53:101888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biesbroek G, Swart R, Carter T, Cowan C, Henrichs T, Mela H, Morecroft M, Rey D (2010) Europe adapts to climate change: comparing national adaptation strategies. Glob Environ Chang 20(3):440–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodansky D (1993) The United Nations framework convention on climate change: a commentary. Yale J Int Law 18:451

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennen J, Kreiss D (2016) Digitalization. In: The international encyclopedia of communication theory and philosophy, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush J, Doyon A (2019) Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: how can urban planning contribute? Cities 95:102483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chelleri L, Baravikova A (2021) Understandings of urban resilience meanings and principles across Europe. Cities 108:102985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury M, Rahman S, Abubakar I, Aina Y, Hasan M, Khondaker A (2020) A review of policies and initiatives for climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. Environ Dev Sustain 23:1133–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke D, Murphy C, Lorenzoni I (2018) Place attachment, disruption and transformative adaptation. J Environ Psychol 55:81–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coaffee J (2008) Risk, resilience, and environmentally sustainable cities. Energy Policy 36(12):4633–4638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colloff M, MartĂ­n-LĂłpez B, Lavorel S, Locatelli B, Gorddard R, Longaretti P, Walters G, van Kerkhoff L, Wyborn C, Coreau A (2017) An integrative research framework for enabling transformative adaptation. Environ Sci Policy 68:87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cui Y, Li L, Chen L, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Yang X (2018) Land-use carbon emissions estimation for the Yangtze River delta urban agglomeration using 1994–2016 landsat image data. Remote Sensing 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091334

  • Dano UL, Balogun AL, Abubakar IR, Aina YA (2020) Transformative urban governance: confronting urbanization challenges with geospatial technologies in Lagos, Nigeria. GeoJournal 85(4):1039–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10009-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desa U (2014) World urbanization prospects, the 2011 revision. Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (2009). White paper-adapting to climate change: towards a European framework for action. J European Commission. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do

  • EC (2013) Strategy on adaptation to climate change. J Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic Social Committee the Committee of the Regions, COM, 216

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (2018). On the implementation of the EU strategy on adaptation to climate change. EU Commission, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • EC (2021) Forging a climate-resilient Europe—the new EU strategy on adaptation to climate change. European Commission. J Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic Social Committee the Committee of the Regions, COM, 216

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazey I, Moug P, Allen S, Beckmann K, Blackwood D, Bonaventura M, Burnett K, Danson M, Falconer R, Gagnon A (2018) Transformation in a changing climate: a research agenda. Climate Dev 10(3):197–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fedele G, Donatti C, Harvey C, Hannah L, Hole D (2019) Transformative adaptation to climate change for sustainable social-ecological systems. Environ Sci Policy 101:116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke C (2006) Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social—ecological systems analyses. Glob Environ Chang 16(3):253–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galderisi A, Limongi G, Salata K (2020) Strengths and weaknesses of the 100 resilient cities initiative in southern Europe: Rome and Athens’ experiences. City, Territory and Architecture 7(1):1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giesbrecht J (2016) Smart grid deployment and climate change response: evaluating climate change integration in Ontario's smart grid deployment regime. University of Waterloo

    Google Scholar 

  • Grafakos S, Viero G, Reckien D, Trigg K, Viguie V, Sudmant A, Graves C, Foley A, Heidrich O, Mirailles J (2020) Integration of mitigation and adaptation in urban climate change action plans in Europe: a systematic assessment. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 121:109623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helsinki (2020) Helsinki energy and climate Atlas. https://kartta.hel.fi/3d/atlas/

  • Hunt A, Watkiss P (2011) Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: a review of the literature. Clim Change 104(1):13–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ionita M, Nagavciuc V, Kumar R, Rakovec O (2020) On the curious case of the recent decade, mid-spring precipitation deficit in central Europe. npj Clim Atmos 3(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC-WG I (2001) Climate change 2000, third assessment report. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishtiaque A (2021) Multilevel governance in climate change adaptation: conceptual clarification and future outlook. In: Climate change and extreme events. Elsevier, pp 171–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kates RW, Travis WR, Wilbanks TJ (2012) Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(19):7156–7161. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115521109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klostermann J, van de Sandt K, Harley M, HildĂ©n M, Leiter T, van Minnen J, Pieterse N, van Bree L (2018) Towards a framework to assess, compare and develop monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change 23(2):187–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komendantova N, Scolobig A, Garcia-Aristizabal A, Monfort D, Fleming K (2016) Multi-risk approach and urban resilience. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7(2):114–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kourti N, Kempner T, Marin Ferrer M, Luoni S, Antofie T, Georgios T, Negro P, Giannopoulos G, Galbusera L, Krausmann E (2019) Strategies for improving urban resilience in Europe

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg F, Grimmond C, Yogeswaran N, Kotthaus S, Allen L (2013) Impact of city changes and weather on anthropogenic heat flux in Europe 1995–2015. Urban Climate 4:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loebbecke C, Picot A (2015) Reflections on societal and business model transformation arising from digitization and big data analytics: a research agenda. J Strateg Inf Syst 24(3):149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale K, Pringle P, Turner B (2015) Transformative adaptation: what it is, why it matters and what is needed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Wang C, Dong B, Gu G, Chen R, Li Y, Zou H, Zhang W, Li Q (2019) Carbon emissions from energy consumption in China: its measurement and driving factors. Sci Total Environ 648:1411–1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPhearson T, Andersson E, Elmqvist T, Frantzeskaki N (2015) Resilience of and through urban ecosystem services. Ecosyst Serv 12:152–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meerow S, Newell J, Stults M (2016) Defining urban resilience: a review. Landsc Urban Plan 147:38–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meerow S, Newell J (2015) Resilience and complexity: a bibliometric review and prospects for industrial ecology. J Ind Econ 19(2):236–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morin S, SamacoĂŻts R, François H, Carmagnola CM, Abegg B, Demiroglu OC, Pons M, Soubeyroux J-M, Lafaysse M, Franklin S, Griffiths G, Kite D, Hoppler AA, George E, Buontempo C, Almond S, Dubois G, Cauchy A (2021) Pan-European meteorological and snow indicators of climate change impact on ski tourism. Clim Serv 22:100215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2021.100215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okunola O (2019) Residents vulnerability analysis and explanation of development-induced disasters in a Sub-Saharan African city. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11(1):71–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-05-2019-0024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orderud G, Naustdalslid J (2020) Climate change adaptation in Norway: learning—knowledge processes and the demand for transformative adaptation. Int J Sust Dev World 27(1):15–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pachauri R, Allen M, Barros V, Broome J, Cramer W, Christ R, Church J, Clarke L, Dahe Q, Dasgupta P (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelling M, O’Brien K (2015) Adaptation and transformation. Clim Change 133(1):113–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reckien D, Salvia M, Pietrapertosa F, Simoes S, Olazabal M, Hurtado S, Geneletti D, Lorencová E, D’alonzo V, Krook-Riekkola A (2019) Dedicated versus mainstreaming approaches in local climate plans in Europe. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 112:948–959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rentschler J (2013) Why resilience matters-the poverty impacts of disasters (6699)

    Google Scholar 

  • Revi A, Satterthwaite D, AragĂłn-Durand F, Corfee-Morlot J, Kiunsi R, Pelling M, Roberts D, Solecki W, Gajjar S, Sverdlik A (2014) Towards transformative adaptation in cities: the IPCC’s fifth assessment. Environ Urban 26(1):11–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford V, Hills J, Le Tissier M (2020) Comparative analysis of adaptation strategies for coastal climate change in North West Europe. Mar Policy 111:102478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satterthwaite D, Archer D, Colenbrander S, Dodman D, Hardoy J, Mitlin D, Patel S (2020) Building resilience to climate change in informal settlements. One Earth 2(2):143–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi A, Khavarian-Garmsir A (2020) The COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Sci Total Environ 749:142391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheller M (2020) Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice. J Sustain Tour 29(9):1436–1449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simone C, Iandolo F, Fulco I, Loia F (2021) Rome was not built in a day. Resilience and the eternal city: insights for urban management. Cities 110:103070

    Google Scholar 

  • Smartdc (2021) Rotterdam as digital data hub. Retrieved April 26, 2021, from https://www.smartdc.net/news/rotterdam-as-a-digital-data-hub/

  • Staddon C, Ward S, De Vito L, Zuniga-Teran A, Gerlak A, Schoeman Y, Hart A, Booth G (2018) Contributions of green infrastructure to enhancing urban resilience. Environ Syst Decis 38(3):330–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler T, Attems M, Bonnefond M, Clarke D, Gatien-Tournat A, Gralepois M, Fournier M, Murphy C, Rauter M, Papathoma-Köhle M (2019) Drivers and barriers of adaptation initiatives—how societal transformation affects natural hazard management and risk mitigation in Europe. Sci Total Environ 650:1073–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WBGU—German Advisory Council on Global Change (2019) Towards our common digital future [summary]. WBGU. https://www.wbgu.de/fileadmin/user_upload/wbgu/publikationen/hauptgutachten/hg2019/pdf/WBGU_HGD2019_S.pdf

  • Weichselgartner J, Kelman I (2014) Challenges and opportunities for building urban resilience. A|Z ITU J Fac Archit 11(1): 20–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Weilnhammer V, Schmid J, Mittermeier I, Schreiber F, Jiang L, Pastuhovic V, Herr C, Heinze S (2021) Extreme weather events in europe and their health consequences—a systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 233:113688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson R, Herziger A, Hamilton M, Brooks J (2020) From incremental to transformative adaptation in individual responses to climate-exacerbated hazards. Nat Clim Chang 10(3):200–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff S, Meerow S, Stults M, Wilkins C (2018) Adaptation to resilience planning: alternative pathways to prepare for climate change. J Plan Educ Res. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X18801057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X, Li Z, Staddon C, Wu X, Song H (2017) Issues and challenges of reclaimed water usage: a case study of the dragon-shaped river in the Beijing Olympic Park. Water International 42(4):486–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Balogun, AL. et al. (2022). Urban Resilience in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Transformative Digitalization in European Smart Cities to Address Climate Change. In: Sharifi, A., Salehi, P. (eds) Resilient Smart Cities. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-95036-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-95037-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics