Skip to main content

Biologics for Thyroid Eye Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Foundational Papers in Oculoplastics
  • 805 Accesses

Abstract

Biologic therapy, and particularly teprotumumab, can achieve disease-modifying response without the adverse effects of systemic steroids for active thyroid eye disease. The following manuscripts detail the evidence behind various steroid-sparing biologic agents for thyroid eye disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bahn RS, Gorman CA (1987) Choice of therapy and criteria for assessing treatment outcome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 16:391–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stan MN, Garrity JA, Leon BGC, Prabin T, Bradley EA, Bahn RS (2015) Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:432–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Currò N, Introna M, Rossi S, Bonara P, Covelli D, Dazzi D, Guastella C, Pignataro L, Ratiglia R, Golay J, Beck-Peccoz P (2012) Small dose of rituximab for Graves orbitopathy: new insights into the mechanism of action. Arch Ophthalmol 130:122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Currò N et al (2015) Efficacy of B-cell targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with active moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy: a randomized controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:422–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Smith TJ, Kahaly GJ, Ezra DG et al (2017) Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 376:1748–1761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A et al (2020) Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease. N Engl J Med 382:341–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Perros P, Weightman DR, Crombie AL, Kendall-Taylor P (1990) Azathioprine in the treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Acta Endocrinol 122:8–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kahaly GJ, Riedl M, König J et al (2018) Mycophenolate plus methylprednisolone versus methylprednisolone alone in active, moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy (MINGO): a randomised, observer-masked, multicentre trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 6:287–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Prummel MF, Mourits MP, Berghout A, Krenning EP, van der Gaag R, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM (1989) Prednisone and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 321:1353–1359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rivera-Grana E, Lin P, Suhler EB, Rosenbaum JT (2015) Methotrexate as a corticosteroid-sparing agent for thyroid eye disease. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 06:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K, Eckstein A, Kahaly GJ, Marcocci C, Perros P, Salvi M, Wiersinga WM (2016) The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the management of Graves’ orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J 5:9–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Campi I et al (2006) Efficacy of rituximab treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy as a result of intraorbital B-cell depletion in one patient unresponsive to steroid immunosuppression. Eur J Endocrinol 154:511–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Stan MN, Salvi M (2017) Rituximab therapy for Graves’ orbitopathy – lessons from randomized control trials. Eur J Endocrinol 176:R101–R109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Russell DJ, Wagner LH, Seiff SR (2017) Tocilizumab as a steroid sparing agent for the treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 7:146–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Perez-Moreiras JV, Gomez-Reino JJ, Maneiro JR, et al (2018) Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant Graves orbitopathy: a randomized clinical trial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.038

  16. Ayabe R, Rootman DB, Hwang CJ, Ben-Artzi A, Goldberg R (2014) Adalimumab as steroid-sparing treatment of inflammatory-stage thyroid eye disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 30:415–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ozzello DJ, Kikkawa DO, Korn BS (2020) Early experience with teprotumumab for chronic thyroid eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 19:100744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sears CM, Azad AD, Dosiou C, Kossler AL. Teprotumumab for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: Early Response to Therapy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;37(3S):S157–S160. https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000001831. PMID: 32976335.

  19. Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L (1997) Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 47:9–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ugradar S, Rootman DB (2019) Noninflammatory thyroid eye disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 35:461–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Uddin JM, Rubinstein T, Hamed-Azzam S (2018) Phenotypes of thyroid eye disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 34:S28–S33

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ramesh, S. (2022). Biologics for Thyroid Eye Disease. In: Foundational Papers in Oculoplastics . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92794-3_46

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92794-3_46

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92793-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92794-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics