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Strength Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

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Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology

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Abstract

Knowledge of the strength of wood and wood-based materials is an important basis for the calculation and dimensioning of wooden products. This chapter describes the basics of the strength properties, test methods, important influencing parameters (e.g., moisture content, load direction, type of load, duration of load, speed of loading). Phenomenological aspects of failure on various structural levels, fracture mechanical properties as well as essential test methods such as tension, compression, shear strength, bending, torsion, and cleavage are also described. An overview is given of test specifications, strength properties of wood, and wood-based materials depending on the type of load and the direction of loading. Hardness, wear resistance, and other methods are also described. In addition to static load in short-term tests, impact resistance and fatigue as well as the influence of load duration in the static long-term test are described. In addition, selected results of the first studies to determine the properties of the molecular structure are briefly described.

Per Johan Gustafsson: deceased.

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Acknowledgments

Sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, and 9.5 of this chapter include several parts that have been previously published in the following book:

Peter Niemz and Walter Sonderegger: Holzphysik, Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe (Wood physics. Physics of wood and wood-based materials). Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 2017.

The selected paragraphs from the original publication have been translated into English, and the content has been expanded and adapted to the structure of the Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. The authors and Springer are grateful to Carl Hanser Verlag Munich for kind permission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ETH Zürich, Wood Physics (today Wood Material Science), Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter Niemz

  2. Swiss Wood Solutions AG, Altdorf, Switzerland

    Walter Sonderegger

  3. Deceased, former Division of Structural Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Per Johan Gustafsson

  4. Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Braunschweig, Germany

    Bohumil Kasal

  5. Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle, WA, USA

    Tiberiu Polocoşer

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Correspondence to Peter Niemz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ETH Zürich, Wood Physics (today Wood Material Science), Institute for Building Materials, Zurich, Switzerland

    Peter Niemz

  2. Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria

    Alfred Teischinger

  3. Wood Science and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Skellefteå, Sweden

    Dick Sandberg

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Niemz, P., Sonderegger, W., Gustafsson, P.J., Kasal, B., Polocoşer, T. (2023). Strength Properties of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. In: Niemz, P., Teischinger, A., Sandberg, D. (eds) Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_9

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