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Genetic Enhancement of Groundnut: Current Status and Future Prospects

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Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 4

Abstract

About 94% of the world groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production comes from the rainfed crop grown largely by resource-poor farmers. Several biotic and abiotic stresses limit groundnut productivity, together causing annual yield losses of over US $ 3.2 billion, and probably half of this could be recovered through genetic enhancement in groundnut. Cultivated species and the wild Arachis species do carry novel genes which could be employed for improvement of both seed yield and quality in addition to imparting resistance to diseases and insect pests. Many of the wild Arachis species are not cross compatible with the cultivated groundnut. However, the efforts to overcome incompatibility in wide crosses have been successful in transferring the novel genes through interspecific progenies. The conventional breeding procedures employ hybridization and phenotype-based selection followed by selection of promising breeding lines through yield evaluation trials. In the past, these were achieved mainly through mass selection and pure-line selections; subsequently backcross and pedigree approaches were largely employed followed by inter- and intra-specific hybridization. Simultaneously, the induced mutagenesis played a significant role in the development of multiple stress-tolerant high-yielding varieties. However, these methods of genetic enhancement suffer from linkage drag and hybridization barrier apart from difficulty in delimiting the genomic regions to be transferred. The recent developments in biotechnology (genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding) have immense potential for improving the efficiency and precision of genetic enhancement in groundnut. Overall progress made so far with respect to genetic enhancement of groundnut for productivity, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, quality, etc. through various methods have been reviewed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut (AICRP-G), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India

    Babu N. Motagi

  2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India

    Ramesh S. Bhat & Spurthi N. Nayak

  3. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India

    Santoshkumar Pujer, P. Nagaraju, Basavaraj S. Yenagi, Rohini S. Sugandhi, Iramma Goudar, U. Roopa, Hajisaheb L. Nadaf & M. V. Channabyre Gowda

  4. International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India

    Janila Pasupaleti, Manish K. Pandey & Rajeev K. Varshney

  5. ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR), Junagadh, India

    Sandip K. Bera & Kamal K. Pal

  6. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Suvendu Mondal & Anand M. Badigannavar

  7. BSP/NSP Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India

    Anisa Nimbal

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  1. Babu N. Motagi
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  18. Hajisaheb L. Nadaf
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  19. M. V. Channabyre Gowda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Babu N. Motagi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Motagi, B.N. et al. (2022). Genetic Enhancement of Groundnut: Current Status and Future Prospects. In: Gosal, S.S., Wani, S.H. (eds) Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81107-5_3

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