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Biopesticides: Microbes for Agricultural Sustainability

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Soil Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 27))

Abstract

The human population is growing over time. In this regard, the agricultural yield should be improved and effective strategies must be intended to minimize crop loss to meet the food demand of this population. One of the detrimental groups that adversely affect agricultural yield is pest. Therefore, pesticide application can be considered as a promising approach in diminishing pests corresponding to damages to agricultural yield. Although improper and extensive usage of non-biodegradable chemical pesticides can adversly affect ecosystem and health of human, animal and non-target organisms. Therefore, alternative strategies should be considered to augment plant growth, preserve agricultural yield and compensate for reduced consumption of chemical fertilizers. The most suitable substituent for chemical pesticides is biopesticides. They are formulated pesticides containing various microorganisms (nematodes, bacteria, fungi and viruses) or plant, animal, bacteria and fungi-derived compounds that ecofriendly control insect, weed, nematode and plant disease by various mechanisms and, therefore, gaining importance all over the world. Some of the biopesticides have equal efficiency comparing with chemical pesticides while having no pathogenicity or toxicity on non-target micro- and macroorganisms, so they can be applied near harvesting time. In addition, due to their decomposability feature, they do not remain in agricultural products and do not compromise air, groundwater and soil quality. Microorganisms in biopesticides impose their effects via producing antimicrobial compounds, lytic enzymes or compete with phytopathogens for uptake nutrients, attachment, establishment, and colonization on plants. Interfering in communication of pathogens via degrading of chemical signal messenger or inducing resistance in plants are other strategies which are applied by biofertilizers. In this chapter, we reviewed the types of biofertilizers, their mode action and their limitation as well as molecular and culture-based monitoring strategies, fermentation procedures by which microbial cells are multiplied, types of formulation, their advantages and limitation are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Group, Department of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran

    Fatemeh Salimi

  2. Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Javad Hamedi

  3. Microbial Technology and Products (MTP) Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Javad Hamedi

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  1. Fatemeh Salimi
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  2. Javad Hamedi
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Correspondence to Javad Hamedi .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

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Salimi, F., Hamedi, J. (2021). Biopesticides: Microbes for Agricultural Sustainability. In: Yadav, A.N. (eds) Soil Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 27. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73507-4_15

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