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Extracellular Vesicles and Preeclampsia: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions

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New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 97))

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with long-term morbidity in mothers and lifelong morbidities for their children, ranging from cerebral palsy and cognitive delay in preterm infants, to hypertension, diabetes and obesity in adolescents and young adults. There are several processes that are critical for development of materno-fetal exchange, including establishing adequate perfusion of the placenta by maternal blood, and the formation of the placental villous vascular tree. Recent studies provide persuasive evidence that placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a significant intercellular communication pathway, and that they may play an important role in placental and endothelial cell (both fetal and maternal) function. These functions are known to be altered in PE. EVs can carry and transport a wide range of bioactive molescules that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for PE. EV content is often parent cell specific, thus providing an insight or “thumbprint” of the intracellular environment of the originating cell (e.g., human placenta). EV have been identified in plasma under both normal and pathological conditions, including PE. The concentration of EVs and their content in plasma has been reported to increase in association with disease severity and/or progression. Placenta-derived EVs have been identified in maternal plasma during normal pregnancy and PE pregnancies. They contain placenta-specific proteins and miRNAs and, as such, may be differentiated from maternally-derived EVs. The aim of this review, thus, is to describe the potential roles of EVs in preecmpatic pregnancies, focussing on EVs secreted from placental cells. The biogenesis, specificity of placental EVs, and methods used to characterise EVs in the context of PE pregnancies will be also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

CS is supported by The Lions Medical Research Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 1195451), and Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT 1170809). CS and GD are supported by the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hopsital foundation. CP has a PhD scholarship from CONICYT PFCHA / Doctorado Becas Chile/2018 – 72190513.

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The authors have nothing to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Carlos Palma, Andrew Lai, America Campos, Shayna Sharma, Gregory Duncombe & Carlos Salomon

  2. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Jessica Jellins & Jon Hyett

  3. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile

    Alexis Salas & Carlos Salomon

  4. Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Gregory Duncombe

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  1. Carlos Palma
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  9. Carlos Salomon
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Correspondence to Carlos Salomon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Suresh Mathivanan

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Pamali Fonseka

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Christina Nedeva

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ishara Atukorala

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Palma, C. et al. (2021). Extracellular Vesicles and Preeclampsia: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions. In: Mathivanan, S., Fonseka, P., Nedeva, C., Atukorala, I. (eds) New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 97. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_18

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