Abstract
Interpersonal collaborations play a key role in video games and virtual worlds. Yet historically, research regarding games and virtual worlds in CSCL has focused on the smaller, more localized aspects of collaboration within games and virtual worlds. In this chapter, our goal is to broaden the ways in which we conceptualize the possibilities of CSCL in video games and virtual worlds. We argue for broadly and imaginatively expanding the scales, contexts, and directionality of collaborative learning, considering each area in turn and providing vignettes of research that break traditional bounds in considering what collaboration is, where it takes place, and how to study it in video games and virtual worlds. In the discussion, we turn to next steps for CSCL in addressing issues of scale, access, and methods that capture the richness and diversity of computer-supported collaborative learning in video games and virtual worlds.
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Notes
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“Let’s Play” videos are multipart videos where the video creator plays through a game while offering commentary and thoughts on the game experience.
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Further Readings
Chen, M. (2012). Leet noobs: The life and death of an expert player group in World of Warcraft. New York, NY: Peter Lang. Chen explores in great detail a group of 40 game players as they join, play, adjust, adapt, and eventually separate in the massive multiplayer online role-playing game, World of Warcraft. In his ethnographic account, he demonstrates how the group expertise was distributed across roles, tools, responsibilities, and a network of actors. This book has implications for analyzing and supporting long-term collaboration in both formal and informal spaces.
Fields, D. A., & Kafai, Y. B. (2009). A connective ethnography of peer knowledge sharing and diffusion in a tween virtual world. International Journal of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 4(1), 47–68. This paper describes how an insider gaming practice spread across a group of tween players ages 9–12 years in an after-school gaming club that simultaneously participated in a virtual world called Whyville.net. Analysis showed that club members took advantage of the different spaces, people, and times available to them across Whyville, the club, and even home and classroom spaces, showing that knowledge diffusion as a type of collaboration can take place across spaces.
Gee, J. P., & Hayes, E. R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. London: Routledge. In this accessible and engaging volume, Gee and Hayes address the ways that digital media are transforming language and learning in the twenty-first century. Highlighting examples from games such as The Sims, virtual worlds like Second Life, and passionate affinity spaces all over the internet, their work serves as an inspiration to all those seeking to design for and research collaboration in computer-supported contexts.
Nardi, B. (2010). My life as a night elf priest: An anthropological account of world of Warcraft. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. In this book, freely available for online reading, ethnographer Bonnie Nardi compiles more than 3 years of participatory research in World of Warcraft play and culture in the United States and China into a study of player behavior and activity. Her work both illustrates and complicates the nature of collaboration across virtual and social worlds, and across cultural and national boundaries.
Thomas, D., & Brown, J. S. (2009). The play of imagination: Extending the literary mind. In After cognitivism (pp. 99–120). Dordrecht: Springer. In this article, Thomas and Brown argue that the experiences behind games, and virtual worlds, in particular, are built on a fundamentally different model of learning that can inform the development of future pedagogical practice. Highlighting key aspects of massive-multiplayer online games—including avatar-based gameplay, peer-to-peer networking, and emergent collective action, they highlight important lessons that games like World of Warcraft can teach us about collaboration in the twenty-first century.
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Fields, D., Kafai, Y., Aguilera, E., Slater, S., Walker, J. (2021). Perspectives on Scales, Contexts, and Directionality of Collaborations in and Around Virtual Worlds and Video Games. In: Cress, U., Rosé, C., Wise, A.F., Oshima, J. (eds) International Handbook of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65291-3_20
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