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Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Part of the Tjörnes Sequence in Furuvík, Breiðavík, Öxarfjörður, and Central Tjörnes Mountains, North Iceland

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Pacific - Atlantic Mollusc Migration

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 52))

Abstract

Thick Quaternary sediments of the Breiðavík Group are intercalated between lava flows and tuffs on Tjörnes, North Iceland. The present chapter is a compilation of lithostratigraphic and fossil data, combined with an interpretation of the sedimentary and volcanic facies. The vertical column of strata displays a rhythmic character, and a model for sedimentation during glacial-interglacial cycles in a volcanic environment is presented. The Quaternary part of the Tjörnes sequence contains evidence of 14 separate glaciations with tillite horizons. The tillites are typically associated with kame and outwash conglomerates, followed at first by glacio-lacustrine and glaciomarine mudrocks and diamictites, and then by deltaic and/or bar-lagoon assemblages, fluvial sediments, and subaerial lava flows. Depositional environments are reconstructed for several steps in the geological history of the Breiðavík Group. The oldest tillite has been dated to c. 2.6 Ma. Several of the tillite beds are succeeded by marine sediments with fossils, especially in the lower part of the sequence. During the first million years of the accumulation, the deposition took place in a transitional environment while the area was subsiding, but the latter part of the geological record reflects terrestrial deposition and increased volcanism in the region.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Jón Eiríksson, Andrés I. Guðmundsson & Leifur A. Símonarson

  2. Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Karen Luise Knudsen

Authors
  1. Jón Eiríksson
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  2. Andrés I. Guðmundsson
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  3. Leifur A. Símonarson
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  4. Karen Luise Knudsen
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Correspondence to Jón Eiríksson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Iceland, Institute of Earth Sciences, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Jón Eiríksson

  2. University of Iceland, Institute of Earth Sciences, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Leifur A. Símonarson

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Eiríksson, J., Guðmundsson, A.I., Símonarson, L.A., Knudsen, K.L. (2021). Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Part of the Tjörnes Sequence in Furuvík, Breiðavík, Öxarfjörður, and Central Tjörnes Mountains, North Iceland. In: Eiríksson, J., Símonarson, L.A. (eds) Pacific - Atlantic Mollusc Migration . Topics in Geobiology, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59663-7_10

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