Abstract
Wolbachia symbionts, first observed in the 1920s, are now known to be present in about 30–70% of tested arthropod species, in about half of tested filarial nematodes (including the majority of human filarial nematodes), and some plant-parasitic nematodes. In arthropods, they are generally viewed as parasites while in nematodes they appear to be mutualists although this demarcation is not absolute. Their presence in arthropods generally leads to reproductive anomalies, while in nematodes, they are generally required for worm development and reproduction. In mosquitos, Wolbachia inhibit RNA viral infections, leading to populational reductions in human RNA virus pathogens, whereas in filarial nematodes, their requirement for worm fertility and survival has been channeled into their use as drug targets for filariasis control. While much more research on these ubiquitous symbionts is needed, they are viewed as playing significant roles in biological processes, ranging from arthropod speciation to human health.
I want her everywhere. And if she’s beside me, I know I need never care. But to love her is to need her, everywhere. Knowing that love is to share…
(J Lennon, P. McCartney)
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Notes
- 1.
While the literature generally refers to these as lateral chords, we, along with others, feel the proper designation should be lateral cords, as they are not harmonic musical sets of notes, but rope-like biological structures.
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Don Comb, Jim Ellard, Rich Roberts, Bill Jack, and Tom Evans for their support of the Molecular Parasitology Research Program at New England Biolabs, Inc. We wish to acknowledge former senior members of the group, in particular Fran Perler, Sanjay Kumar, and Larry McReynolds. We also wish to thank Denis Voronin, Frederic Landmann, Bill Sullivan, and reviewers for manuscript editing suggestions.
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Lefoulon, E., Foster, J.M., Truchon, A., Carlow, C.K.S., Slatko, B.E. (2020). The Wolbachia Symbiont: Here, There and Everywhere. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 69. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_16
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