Abstract
This research project developed a web-based application to facilitate out-of-class collaborative learning; the aim was to transform a student culture that facilitated very little independent study outside the classroom and classroom learning that treated students mainly as passive participants. Additionally, an innovative flipped learning course utilizing this web-based application was implemented in order to integrate online and in-class collaborative learning. We hypothesized that students’ online collaborative learning could be activated and sustained throughout the semester. Based on pre- and post-questionnaire results, it was apparent that the students actively participated in discussions outside class (Active Learning (AL): p < .10, AL externalization: p < .05). Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis for the frequency of category appearances and the indicators for social and cognitive presences, which was guided by the Community of Inquiry framework with regard to out-of-class student interactions and the pre- and post-questionnaire gains revealed that the cognitive presence was strongly correlated with the pre- and post-questionnaire gains (p < .001). These results indicate that the web-based application developed in this study supported out-of-class student collaboration.
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Acknowledgement
While conducting the research project described in this paper, we were deeply saddened to hear that our co-researcher, Craig Smith, died suddenly on January 3, 2019. He was a Professor of the Department of Global Affairs, the Director of the Community Engagement Center at Kyoto University of Foreign Studies (Japan), and the Advisor of the United Nations Association for Development and Peace (UNADAP). As a member of the Kyoto University Academic Writing Research Group, he received the 2011 Japan Association of College English Teachers Award for Excellence in Teaching. We offer our sincere condolences to his family.
This study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#18K00763) provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The data presented, the statements made, and the views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors.
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Ishikawa, Y. et al. (2020). Building Student Interactions Outside the Classroom: Utilizing a Web-Based Application in a University Flipped Learning Course for EFL Learners. In: Zaphiris, P., Ioannou, A. (eds) Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing, Developing and Deploying Learning Experiences. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12205. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50513-4_25
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