Abstract
Over the past 30 years, healthcare institutions in many countries have used Hospital Ethics Committees (HECs) to guide practitioners in relation to the ethical dimension of their clinical practice. Many states have encouraged or mandated hospitals to have a multi-professional membership in HECs to deal with the everyday ethical challenges that arise. As the mandate of HECs evolved, principle-based ethics became the dominant approach underpinning ethical consultation in HECs. In this chapter, I explore the discursive space of HECs. I propose and defend two reasons to explain why nursing ethical concerns are dismissed in these spaces: (1) the voices that are most heard and valued in discussing issues of concern in patient care are dependent on the hierarchical setting. Like hospitals, in HECS, profession, rank and academic degree often determine the extent to which permission is given to speak freely and authoritatively; (2) the application of principle-based ethics reduces the significance of care practices and dismisses nursing ethical concerns. I then turn to the development of care ethical approaches, the feminist turn in care ethics and the language they offer to grasp issues of nursing care and thematize the relevance of power. An analysis of two case consultations illustrates how a feminist approach can shed light on issues of care that nurses are struggling with.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
See interview with Joan Tronto in this book.
References
Alnes, Rigmor Einang, Marit Kirkevold, and Kirsti Skoydahl. 2011. Marte Meo counselling: a promising tool to support positive interactions between residents with dementia and nurses in nursing homes. Journal of Research in Nursing 16 (5): 415–433.
Beauchamp, Tom, and James F. Childress. 1983. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 2nd ed. Oxford: University Press.
Benner, Patricia. 1994. The tradition and skill of interpretative phenomenology in studying health, illness, and care practices. In Interpretative Phenomenology, Embodiment, Caring and Ethics in Health and Illness, ed. Patricia Benner, 99–127. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Benner, Patricia, and Judith Wrubel. 1989. The Primacy of Caring. Stress and Coping in Health and Illness. Menlo Park: Addison-Wesley.
Bishop, Anne, and John R. Scudder. 1990. The Practical, Moral, and Personal Sense of Nursing. A Phenomenological Philosophy of Practice. New York: State University of New York Press.
Bosk, Charles, and Joel Frader. 1998. Institutional ethics committees: Sociological oxymoron, empirical black box. In Bioethics and Society. Constructing the Ethical Enterprise, ed. Raymond DeVries and Janardan Subedi, 16. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Card, Claudia. 1990. Carin and evil. Hypathia. 5 (1): 101–108.
Carse, Alisa L., and Hilde Lindeman Nelson. 1996. Rehabilitating Care. Kennedy Institute of Ethics. 6 (1): 19–35.
Chambliss, Daniel F. 1996. Beyond Caring. Hospitals, Nurses, and the Social Organization of Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Condon, Esther H. 1992. Nursing and the caring metaphor: Gender and political influences on an ethics of care. Nursing Outlook. 40 (1): 14–19.
Cranford, Ronald E., and A. Edward Doudera. 1984. The emergence of institutional ethics committees. Law, Medicine and Ethics 12 (1): 13–20.
de Brito Menezes Gonçalves, Gabriela, and Darci de Oliveira Santa Rosa. 2019. Nurses performance in clinical ethics committees and commissions: An integrative review. Nursing Ethics 26 (3): 688–699.
Fischer, Berenice, and Joan Tronto. 1990. Toward a feminist theory of care. In Circles of Care: Work and Identity in Women’s Life, ed. Emily Abel and Margaret Nelson, 36–54. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Flynn, Patricia. 1991a. Moral Ordering and the Social Construction of Bioethics. Unpublished dissertation. University of California, San Francisco.
———. 1991b. The disciplinary emergence of bioethics and bioethics committees: Moral ordering and its legitimation. Sociological Focus 24 (2): 145–156.
Fox, C. Renee. 1990. The evolution of American bioethics: A sociological perspective. In Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics, ed. George Weisz, 201–217. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Friedman, Marilyn. 1993. What Are Friends For? Feminist Perspectives on Personal Relationships and Moral Theory. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Fry, Sarah T. 1989. The role of caring in a theory of nursing ethics. Hypathia. 4 (2): 88–103.
Gadow, Sally. 1985. Nurse and patient: The caring relationship. In Caring, Curing, Coping. Nurse, Physician, Patient, Relationships, ed. Anne H. Bishop and John R. Scudder, 31–43. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Holly, Cheryl Malahan. 1986. Staff Nurses’ Participation in Ethical Decision Making. A Descriptive Study of Selected Situational Variables. Unpublished dissertation. Columbia.
Jaggar, Allison M. 1995. Caring as a feminist practice of moral reason. In Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Philosophy, ed. Virginia Held, 179–202. Boulder: Westview Press.
Kaufmann, Sharon. 2005. … And a Time to Die. How American Hospitals Shape the End of Life. New York: University of Chicago Press.
Keffer M. 1997. Why nursing ethics committees? HEC Forum 9 (1): 50–54.
Kohlberg, Lawrence. 1981. The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice. San Franscisco: Harber & Row.
Kohlen, Helen. 2009. Hospital Ethics Committees in the US and in Germany. Frankfurt a. Main: Campus Verlag.
———. 2016. Plädoyer für eine widerständige Care-Praxis—Zur Entwicklung von Care-Ethiken im internationalen Vergleich und ihrem Status in der Pflege. In Kleibel, Veronika; Urban-Huser, Catherine (Hg.): Caring—Pflicht oder Kür? Gestaltungsräume für eine fürsorgliche Pflegepraxis. Wien: Fakultas. 15–27.
———. 2017. Caring about Care in the Hospital Arena and Nurses’ voices in hospital ethics committees. Three decades of experiences. In Care in Healthcare. Reflections on Theory and Practice, ed. Franzsika Krause and Joachim Bold, 237–265. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
———. 2018. Evaluation for moving ethics in health care services towards democratic care. A three pillars model: Education, companionship and open space. In Visse, Merel/Abma. 143–155.
Leiniger, Madeleine. 1991. Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Theory of Nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press.
Lindeman Nelson, Hilde. 1996. Against caring. Journal of Clinical Ethics 3 (1): 8–20.
Mol, Annemarie. 2008. The Logic of Care. Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. New York: Routledge.
Noddings, Nel. 1984. Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Morals. Berkeley: University of California Press.
———. 1990. Ethics from the standpoint of women. In Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference, ed. Deborah L. Rohode. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Piaget, Jean. 1965. The Moral Judgement of the Child. New York: Free Press.
Reverby, Susan. 1987a. A caring dilemma: Womanhood and nursing in historical perspective. Nursing Research 36 (1): 5–11.
———. 1987b. Ordered to Care. The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850–1945. New York: Cambridge University.
Roper, Nancy. 1990. The Elements of Nursing: A Model for Nursing. London: Churchill Livingstone.
Ross, Judith W. 1986. Handbook for Hospital Ethics Committees. Practical suggestions for ethics committee members to plan, develop, and evaluate their roles and responsibilities. Chicago.
Rothman, David. 2003. Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making. New York: Basic Books.
Rubin, Susan, and Laurie Zoloth-Dorfman. 1996. She said/ he said: Ethics consultation and the gendered discourse. The Journal of Clinical Ethics 7 (4): 321–332.
Sherwin, Susan. 1992. No longer patient. Feminist Ethics and health care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Sichel, Betty A. 1992. Ethics of caring and the institutional ethics committee. In Feminist Perspectives in Medical Ethics, ed. Helen Bequaert Holmes and Laura M. Purdy, 113–123. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Tronto, Joan. 1994. Moral Boundaries. A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care. London: Routledge.
Tronto, Joan C. 2013. Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality, and Justice. New York: New York University Press.
Walker, Margaret Urban. 1993. Keeping moral space open. Images of ethics consulting. Hastings Center Report 23 (2): 33–40.
Watson, Jean. 2012. Nursing: Human Science and Human Care. A Theory of Nursing. 2nd ed. London: Jons and Bartlett.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kohlen, H. (2020). Hospital Ethics Committees and the Dismissal of Nursing Ethical Concerns: A Feminist Perspective. In: Kohlen, H., McCarthy, J. (eds) Nursing Ethics: Feminist Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49104-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49104-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-49103-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-49104-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)