Abstract
This chapter deals, first, with the origin and evolution of universities in Europe and Latin America, seeking to highlight the motivations and values that have presided over their emergence and continue to serve the education of new generations, such as the value of knowledge, freedom of study and research, institutional autonomy and collegiality. This is also the story of the sometimes harmonious, sometimes conflicting, relationship between universities and the powers of Church and state, and then increasingly with the economy. Second, the chapter considers how university institutions establish themselves in both contexts and manage the different demands and expectations of teachers, students and the wider society, seeking to respond to growing pressures for access, relevance in human capital formation and quality research, and rising costs.
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Notes
- 1.
A list of the main specialized journals include Higher Education (Springer), Higher Education Policy (Palgrave Macmillan), The Journal of Higher Education (The Ohio State University), The Review of Higher Education (Association for the Studies of Higher Education, Johns Hopkins University Press), and Research in Higher Education (Association of Institutional Research, Springer).
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Schwartzman, S. (2020). Higher Education and the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century: An Introduction. In: Schwartzman, S. (eds) Higher Education in Latin America and the Challenges of the 21st Century. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44263-7_1
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