Abstract
Global scientific community has a near unanimous consensus that anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases and thus their rising atmospheric concentration are causing global warming and other climatic changes. According to the IPCC, global average annual mean surface air-temperature is projected to rise between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by 2100. This rise in temperature will impose various climate related incidents like drought, forest fires, typhoons, more intense hurricanes, and frequent storms. Due to the decrease in air quality, human health related problems in future will be catastrophic. Considering the present climate trend, climate scientists are speculating that new ecosystems will be emerged and existing ecosystems will be wiped out in future and this shift in biomes will be irreversible. The multivariate factors of climate change are supposed to have an effect on all the levels of biodiversity, starting from organism to biome levels. Not only ecosystem destruction but also climate migration is a major issue at present because this migration is directly impacting the socio-economic profile of many countries. Many governmental and non-governmental organisations have predicted that a billion people may be displaced by 2050 as a result of environmental causes, and climate change will be one of the major contributors. It has been found that people are less bothered about climate change and this issue is in their lowest priority list as people think they are not personally responsible for climate change and has seen climate change as a global effect. Ignorance and greed of the people sometimes leads them to violate the natural/environmental rules and as a result negative consequences of climate change are the obvious outcomes of these unethical activities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adger W, Agrawala S, Mizra M (2007) Assessment of adaptation practices, options, constraints and capacity. In: Parry M (ed) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Aggarwal M (2018) Dust storms may increase in India due to climate change. Mongabay-India newsletter, 8 May 2018. https://india.mongabay.com/2018/05/08/dust-storms-may-increase-in-india-due-to-climate-change/
Allen CD, Breshears DD (1998) Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:14839–14842
Alo CA, Wang GL (2008) Potential future changes of the terrestrial ecosystem based on climate projections by eight general circulation models. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 113–116
Baillie JEM, Hilton-Taylor C, Stuart SN (2004) IUCN red list of threatened species assessment. AGS editor IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
Barry JP, Baxter CH, Sangarin RD, Gilman SE (1995) Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a California rocky intertidal community. Science 267:672–675
Bell M, Charles EE (2013) Cross-national comparisons of internal migration: an update on global patterns and trends. Centre for Population Research, University of Queensland, Queensland. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/technical/TP2013-1.pdf
Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C, Leadley P, Thuiller W, Courchamp F (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecol Lett 15(4):365–377
Bergmann F (1999) Langfristige Zunahme früher Bruten beim Teichrohrsänger (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in einem südwestdeutschen Untersuchungsgebiet. J Ornithol 140:81–86
Bernard SM, Samet JM, Grambsch A, Ebi KL, Romieu I (2001) The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 109(S2):199–209
Blunden J, Arndt D (2017) State of the climate in 2016. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 98(8) (Spec Suppl)
Botkin DB, Saxe H, Araujo MB, Betts R, Bradshaw RHW, Cedhagen T, Chesson P, Dawson TP, Etterson JR, Faith DP, Ferrier S, Guisan A, Hansen AS, Hilbert DW, Loehle C, Margules C, New M, Sobel MJ, Stockwell DRB (2007) Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity. Bioscience 57:227–236
Brändlin AS (2017) How climate change is increasing forest fires around the world. DW news, 19 June 2017. https://www.dw.com/en/how-climate-change-is-increasing-forest-fires-around-the-world/a-19465490
Bransford KJ, Lai JA (2002) Global climate change and air pollution: common origins with common solutions. JAMA 287:2285
Bremner J, Hunter L (2014) Migration and the environment. Popul Bull Popul Ref Bureau 69(1)
Chen C, Noble I, Chawla N et al (2015) A global index to quantify vulnerability to climate change and assess readiness to use adaptation investment effectively. Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index Working Paper 53, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
Christian Aid (2007) Human tide: the real migration crisis. Christian Aid, London. https://www.christianaid.org.uk/sites/default/fles/2017-08/human-tide-the-real-migration-crisis-may pdf
Cozzetto K, Chief K, Dittmer K, Brubaker M, Gough R, Souza K, Ettawageshik F, Wotkyns S, Opitz-Stapleton S, Duren S, Chavan P (2013) Climate change impacts on the water resources of American Indians and Alaska natives in the US. Clim Change 120:569–584
Cubie D (2017) In-situ adaptation: non-migration as a coping strategy for vulnerable persons. In: Manou D, Baldwin A, Cubie D, Mihr A, Thorp T (eds) Climate change, migration and human rights: law and policy perspectives. Routledge, London
Dina I, Daria M, François G (2017) The atlas of environmental migration. http://environmentalmigration.iom.int/atlas-environmental-migration
Easterling DR, Meehl GA, Parmesan C, Chagnon SA, Karl TR, Mearns LO (2000) Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts. Science 289:2068–2074
EJF (environmental Justice Foundation) (2017) Beyond borders: our changing climate – its role in conflict and displacement. EJF, London. https://ejfoundation.org//resources/downloads/BeyondBorders-2.pdf
Fiore AM, Naik V, Leibensperger EM (2015) Air quality and climate connections. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 65(6):645–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2015.1040526
Foden WB, Mace G, Vié J-C, Angulo A, Butchart SHM, DeVantier L, Dublin H, Gutsche A, Stuart S, Turak E (2008) Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, pp 1–12
Foden WB, Butchart SHM, Stuart SN, Vié JC et al (2013) Identifying the world’s most climate change vulnerable species: a systematic trait-based assessment of all birds, amphibians and corals. PLoS One 8(6):e65427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065427
Forchhammer M, Boertmann D (1993) The muskoxen Ovibos moschatus in north and northeast Greenland: population trends and the influence of abiotic parameters on population dynamics. Ecography 16:299–308
Foresight (2011) Migration and global environmental change: future challenges and opportunities. Government Office for Science, London. www.gov.uk/government/publications/migration-and-global-environmental-change-future-challenges-and-opportunites
Gaza R (1998) Mesoscale meteorology and high ozone in the Northeast United States. Environ Manag 37:961–977
Gitay H, Suarez A, Watson RT, Dokken D (2002) Climate change and biodiversity. IPCC technical paper
Hansen L, Hoffman J, Drews C, Mielbrecht E (2010) Designing climate-smart conservation: guidance and case studies. Conserv Biol 24:63–69
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell CD, Sale PF, Edwards AJ, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin CM, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury RH, Dubi A, Hatziolos ME (2007) Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318:1737–1742
Hogrefe C, Biswas J, Lynn B et al (2004a) Simulating regional-scale ozone climatology over the eastern United States: model evaluation results. Atmos Environ 38:2627–2638
Hogrefe C, Lynn B, Civerolo K et al (2004b) Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions. J Geophys Res 109:D22301
Hogrefe C, Leung R, Mickley L, Hunt S, Winner D (2005) Considering climate change in U.S. air quality management. EM: Air & Waste Management Association’s magazine for environmental managers, pp 19–23
Hogrefe C, Werth D, Avissar R et al (2006) Analyzing the impacts of climate change on ozone and particulate matter with tracer species, process analysis, and multiple regional climate scenarios. In: Borrego C, Renner E, (eds) Air pollution modeling and its application XVIII: 28th NATO/CCMS international technical meeting on air pollution modeling and its application, 15–19 May 2006. Elsevier, Leipzig, Germany
Houghton J (2004) Global warming: the complete briefing, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Bellwood DR, Card M, Connolly SR, Folke C, Grosberg R, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Jackson JBC, Kleypas J, Lough JM, Marshall P, Nystrom M, Palumbi SR, Pandolfi JM, Rosen B, Roughgarden J (2003) Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science 301:929–933
IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (2017) Internal displacement by country database. IDMC, Geneva. http://www.internal-displacement.org/database
IDMC (2018) Global report on internal displacement. http://internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2018/downloads/2018-GRID.pdf
IPCC (1995) Climate change 1995: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
IPCC (2001) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
IPCC (2012) Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
IPCC (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Field C, Barros V et al (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Irfan U, Resnick B (2018) Megadisasters devastated America in 2017 and they’re only going to get worse. VOX news, 26 Mar 2018. https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/12/28/16795490/natural-disasters-2017-hurricanes-wildfires-heat-climate-change-cost-deaths
Jacob DJ, Winner DA (2009) Effect of climate change on air quality. Atmos Environ 43(1):51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051
Janzen FJ (1994) Climate change and temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:7487–7490
Jetz W, Wilcove DS, Dobson AP (2007) Projected impacts of climate and land-use change on the global diversity of birds. PLoS Biol 5:1211–1219
Karl TR, Melillo JM, Peterson TC (2009) Global climate change impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kiers ET, Palmer TM, Ives AR, Bruno JF, Bronstein JL (2010) Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary perspective. Ecol Lett 13:1459–1474
Kinney PL (2008) Climate change, air quality, and human health. Am J Prev Med 35(5):459–467
KNOMAD (2017) Internal migration and urbanization thematic group of the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). World Bank, Washington, DC. http://www.knomad.org/thematic-working-group-single/10
Koh LP, Dunn RR, Sodhi NS, Colwell RK, Proctor HC, Smith VS (2004) Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis. Science 305:1632–1634
Laczko F, Aghazarm C (eds) (2009) Migration, environment and climate change: assessing the evidence. IOM, Geneva. Available from: http://publicatons.iom.int/system/fles/pdf/migraton_and_environment.pdf
Laczko F, Piguet E (2014) Introduction: people on the move in a changing climate. The regional impact of environmental change on migration. Global migration issues, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht
Lafferty KD (2009) The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases. Ecology 90:888–900
Lapola DM, Oyama MD, Nobre CA (2009) Exploring the range of climate biome projections for tropical South America: the role of CO2 fertilization and seasonality. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 23
Lin JD, Fiore A (2001) Trends in exceedances of the ozone air quality standard in the continental United States, 1980–1998. Atmos Environ 35:3217–3228
Lovejoy TE, Hannah LJ (2006) Climate change and biodiversity. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
Maclean IMD, Wilson RJ (2011) Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:12337–12342
Malcolm JR, Liu CR, Neilson RP, Hansen L, Hannah L (2006) Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conserv Biol 20:538–548
Malhi Y, Phillips OL (2004) Tropical forests and global atmospheric change: a synthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B: Biol Sci 359:549–555
Meyers LA, Bull JJ (2002) Fighting change with change: adaptive variation in an uncertain world. Trends Ecol Evol 17:551–557
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005a) Ecosystems and human well-being: general synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005b) Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends: findings of the condition and trends working group. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington, DC
Moss T, Morton C (2018) Fourteen places most affected by climate change. C N TRAVELER, 20 April 2018. https://www.cntraveler.com/gallery/10-places-to-visit-before-theyre-lost-to-climate-change
Mullany G, May T, Myers SL (2018) Typhoon Mangkhut slams Hong Kong and Southern China. New York Times, 16 September 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/typhoon-mangkhut-china.html
ND-GAIN (2017) University of Notre Dame global adaptation index. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN. http://index.gain.org
Ordóñez C, Mathis H, Furger M, Henne S, Hüglin C, Staehelin J, Prévôt ASH (2005) Changes of daily surface ozone maxima in Switzerland in all seasons from 1992 to 2002 and discussion of summer 2003. Atmos Chem Phys 5(5):1187–1203. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1187-2005
Pandey K (2018) Forest fires in India increased by 125 per cent in last two year. Down To Earth news, June 2018. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/forest-fires-in-india-increased-by-125-per-cent-in-last-two-years-60349
Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Ecol Evol 37:637–669
Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421:37–42
Peters RL, Lovejoy TE (1994) Global warming and biological diversity. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
Post E, Stenseth NC (1999) Climatic variability, plant phenology, and northern ungulates. Ecology 80:1322–1339
Rafferty NE, Ives AR (2010) Effects of experimental shifts in flowering phenology on plant–pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett 14:69–74
Rignot E, Rivera A, Casassa G (2003) Contribution of the Patagonia ice fields of South America to sea level rise. Science 302:434–437
Root TL, Price JT, Hall KR, Schneider SH, Rosenzweig C, Pounds JA (2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421:57–60
Saether BE, Tufto J, Engen S, Jerstad K, Røstad OW, Skåtan JE (2000) Population dynamical consequences of climate change for a small temperate songbird. Science 287:854–856
Sala OE, van Vuuren D, Pereira, HM, Lodge D, Alder J, Cumming G, Dobson A, Wolters V, MA X, Zaitsev A, Polo M, Gomes I, Queiroz C (2005) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Chap 10: Biodiversity across scenarios, pp 375–408
Sekercioglu CH, Schneider SH, Fay JP, Loarie SR (2008) Climate change, elevational range shifts, and bird extinctions. Conserv Biol 22:140–150
Stapleton SO, Nadin R, Watson C, Kellett J (2017) Climate change, migration and displacement—the need for a risk-informed and coherent approach. United Nations Development Programme report
Steffen W, Burbidge AA, Hughes L, Kitching R, Lindenmayer D, Musgrave W, Stafford SM, Werner PA (2010) Australia’s biodiversity and climate change. CSIRO, Canberra
Stern N (2006) The stern review on the economics of climate change. HM Stationery Office, London
Stocker TF et al (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. http://wwwclimatechange2013.org/report/full-report
Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ, Collingham YC, Erasmus BFN, de Siqueira MF, Grainger A, Hannah L, Hughes L, Huntley B, van Jaarsveld AS, Midgley GF, Miles L, Ortega-Huerta MA, Townsend Peterson A, Phillips OL, Williams SE (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427:145–148
Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME et al (2002) Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical Africa. Science 298:589–593
Trenberth KE (2001) Climate variability and global warming. Science 293:48–49
Tressol M, Ordonez C, Zbinden R et al (2008) Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners. Atmos Chem Phys 8(8):2133–2150. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2133-2008
UN Environment report (2018) https://www.unenvironment.org/. Accessed 17 Aug 2018
UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) (2016) International migration report 2015. Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/375). UNDESA, Geneva
US-EPA (2016) What climate change means for Hawaii
Veit RR, Pyle P, McGowan JA (1996) Ocean warming and long-term change in pelagic bird abundance within the California current system. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 139:11–18
Veit RR, McGowan JA, Ainley DG, Wahls TR, Pyle P (1997) Apex marine predator declines ninety percent in association with changing oceanic climate. Glob Change Biol 3:23–28
Vieno M, Dore AJ, Stevenson DS, Doherty R, Heal MR, Reis S, Hallsworth S, Tarrason L, Wind P, Fowler D, Simpson D, Sutton MA (2010) Modelling surface ozone during the 2003 heat-wave in the UK. Atmos Chem Phys 10(16):7963–7978. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7963-2010
Vukovich F (1995) Regional-scale boundary layer ozone variations in the eastern United States and their association with meteorological variations. Atmos Environ 29:2259–2273
Walther GR (2010) Community and ecosystem responses to recent climate change. Philos Trans R Soc B: Biol Sci 365:2019–2024
WaterAid. https://www.wateraid.org/us/where-we-work/papua-new-guinea
Weaver CP, Cooter E, Gilliam R et al (2009) A preliminary synthesis of modeled climate change impacts on U.S. regional ozone concentrations. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 90(12):1843–1863. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009bams2568.1
White NJ, Church JA, Gregory JM (2005) Coastal and global averaged sea level rise for 1950 to 2000. Geophys Res Lett 32:L01601
Willis KJ, Bhagwat SA (2009) Biodiversity and climate change. Science 326:806–807
Winkel W, Hudde H (1997) Long-term trends in reproductive traits of tits (Parus major, P. caeruleus) and Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. J Avian Biol 28:187–190
Yang LH, Rudolf VHW (2010) Phenology, ontogeny and the effects of climate change on the timing of species interactions. Ecol Lett 13:1–10
Younger M, Morrow-Almeida HR, Vindigni SM, Dannenberg AL (2008) The built environment, climate change, and health: opportunities for co-benefits. Am J Prev Med 35:517–526
Acknowledgements
Authors gratefully acknowledged Ms. Kanika Mahajan for her help in formatting the references and Prof Subrata Ghosh, IIT Mandi for his useful comments related to manuscript.
Conflict of interest Authors declare no conflict of interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chatterjee, S., Tandon, A. (2020). Climate Change Impact on Eco-biology and Socio-economy—A Concise Discussion. In: Roy, N., Roychoudhury, S., Nautiyal, S., Agarwal, S., Baksi, S. (eds) Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32462-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32463-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)