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Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control pp 91–116Cite as

Biofilm-Mediated Dental Diseases

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Abstract

A human body is estimated to be made up of around one hundred trillion cells of which 90% is microflora. Bacteria are the predominant colonizers in the mouth, with 500–700 species commonly seen. The various surfaces of the oral cavity provide differing environments forming “microniches.” This leads to the development of a highly complex microbiome. Dental plaque is the biofilm which forms on the various tooth surfaces. Oral microflora has a dual role. It plays a part, not just in pathology, but also in defending the host body and in most cases is a true commensal. The most common oral diseases are dental caries and periodontitis, both of which are biofilm-mediated. Dental caries is characterized by the loss of mineralized tooth tissue due to bacterial action. Periodontitis is essentially an inflammatory process which leads to the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Several systemic diseases have been shown to be influenced by dental plaque-associated oral diseases. These include cardiovascular diseases, arthrosclerosis, infective endocarditis, aspiration pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and low-birth-weight babies. The primary step in management of biofilm-related dental diseases is physical treatment, which aims to reduce the bacterial load in biofilms. However, advanced disease treatment becomes essential. Antimicrobials and antibiotics may be administered to control the disease process and reduce bacterial load and growth.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, India

    Seema Dubey

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, India

    Shirish Dubey & Vikash Sharma

  3. Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Rama Dental Care, Gorakhpur, India

    Ajay Gupta

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  1. Seema Dubey
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  2. Shirish Dubey
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  3. Ajay Gupta
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  4. Vikash Sharma
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Correspondence to Shirish Dubey .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Institute of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sunil Kumar

  2. Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Niharika Chandra

  3. Institute of Management, Commerce and Economics, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Leena Singh

  4. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  5. Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India

    Ajit Varma

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Dubey, S., Dubey, S., Gupta, A., Sharma, V. (2019). Biofilm-Mediated Dental Diseases. In: Kumar, S., Chandra, N., Singh, L., Hashmi, M., Varma, A. (eds) Biofilms in Human Diseases: Treatment and Control. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30757-8_7

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