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Quantum Cryptography

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Explorations in Quantum Computing

Part of the book series: Texts in Computer Science ((TCS))

Abstract

The security of current public key cryptosystems rests upon unproven, but widely believed, mathematical assumptions about the difficulty of solving certain problems, such as factoring composite integers (for RSA cryptosystems) or computing discrete logarithms (for elliptic curve cryptosystems). Shor’s algorithm proves that it is possible, in principle, for quantum computers to factor composite integers and compute discrete logarithms (and hence break all known forms of public key cryptosystems) in polynomial time. Consequently, the current public key infrastructure for secure communications will become vulnerable to attack as soon as sufficiently powerful quantum computers are built. At such time the integrity of our secure communications infrastructure will be compromised. For routine non-sensitive communications this may not cause most people much concern. However, today, there are many types of communications passing through networks, such as diplomatic and military messages, financial transactions, medical records, and corporate data, that are of a highly sensitive nature. Moreover, such data may not only be sensitive at the time it is transmitted, but could remain sensitive for decades to come. Therefore, there is a need for a new secure communications infrastructure that will remain invulnerable to attack even if hackers and eavesdroppers have access to quantum computers, and which can ensure perpetual security of encrypted information even if it is intercepted. Fortunately, although quantum mechanics undermines the security of the classical public key infrastructure, so too does it offer a route to building a much stronger secure communications system based on what is known as quantum cryptography.

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    Dr. Colin P. Williams

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Williams, C.P. (2011). Quantum Cryptography. In: Explorations in Quantum Computing. Texts in Computer Science. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-887-6_13

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