Abstract
The history of drug approval that targets the heart failure (HF) population has been subject to the advancements that have been made in the field of HF. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the HF syndrome, with its complexity and an ever-growing number of patients, has led to an evolution in thinking at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products. Once thought of as a terminal disorder without much hope even of palliation, heart failure therapies have emerged as powerful agents that can impact mortality and morbidity and may alter the course of the disease. The therapeutic choices through the years have targeted the concepts that were “in vogue” in each era. As an example, when inotropic derangement was thought to be the primary cause of HF, several inotropic therapies emerged and were approved based on a small amount of data.1 As the neurohormonal hypothesis was tested, drugs were targeted to this important axis, and the mortality and morbidity improved.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References References
Cohn, JN. Inotropic therapy for heart failure: paradise postponed. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989;320(11):729–31.
O’Connor, CM, et al. Tezosentan in patients with acute heart failure and acute coronary syndromes: results of the Randomized Intravenous TeZosentan Study (RITZ-4). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003;41(9):1452–57.
Massie, BM, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor? Results of the flosequinan-ACE inhibitor trial (FACET). Circulation 1993;88(2):492–501.
Packer, M. PROFILE abstract. Circulation 88(suppl I), I-301 (1993).
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Advisory Committee: Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee. Evaluation of Long-term Treatment with Cyclic AMP Dependent Positive Inotropic Agents. Food and Drug Administration. January 27, 1998.
Gheorghiade, M, et al. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation 2005;112(25):3958–68.
Hampton, JR, et al. Randomised study of effect of ibopamine on survival in patients with advanced severe heart failure. Second Prospective Randomised Study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy (PRIME II) Investigators. Lancet 1997;349(9057):971–77.
Szabo, BM, et al. Clinical and autonomic effects of ibopamine as adjunct to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in chronic heart failure. J. Card. Fail. 1996;2(3):185–92.
van Veldhuisen, DJ, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled study of ibopamine and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: results of the Dutch Ibopamine Multicenter Trial (DIMT). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1993;22(6):1564–73.
Double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of digoxin and xamoterol in chronic heart failure. The German and Austrian Xamoterol Study Group. Lancet 1988;1(8584):489–93.
Xamoterol in severe heart failure. The Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study Group. Lancet 1990;336(8706):1–6.
Waller, DG, et al. Clinical efficacy of xamoterol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, in mild to moderate heart failure. U.K. Xamoterol Study Group. Eur. Heart J. 1989;10(11):1003–10.
DiBianco, R, et al. A comparison of oral milrinone, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989;320(11):677–83.
Packer, M, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991;325(21):1468–75.
Uretsky, BF, et al. Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure. Lack of benefit compared with placebo. Enoximone Multicenter Trial Group. Circulation 1990;82(3):774–80.
Gottlieb, SS, et al. Sustained hemodynamic response to flosequinan in patients with heart failure receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1993;22(4):963–7.
Massie, BM, et al. Can further benefit be achieved by adding flosequinan to patients with congestive heart failure who remain symptomatic on diuretic, digoxin, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor? Results of the flosequinan-ACE inhibitor trial (FACET). Circulation 1993;88(2):492–501.
Packer, M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of flosequinan in patients with chronic heart failure. Principal Investigators of the REFLECT Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1993;22(1):65–72.
Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287(12):1531–40.
Sackner-Bernstein, JD, et al. Short-term risk of death after treatment with nesiritide for decompensated heart failure: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2005;293(15):1900–5.
Sackner-Bernstein, JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson, KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation 2005;111(12):1487–91.
Further Reading
Burger, AJ, et al. Effect of nesiritide (B-type natriuretic peptide) and dobutamine on ventricular arrhythmias in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure: the PRECEDENT study. Am. Heart J. 2002;144(6):1102–8.
Butler, J, et al. The efficacy and safety of B-type natriuretic peptide (nesiritide) in patients with renal insufficiency and acutely decompensated congestive heart failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004;19(2):391–9.
Peacock, WF, et al. Observation unit treatment of heart failure with nesiritide: results from the proaction trial. J. Emerg. Med. 2005;29(3):243–52.
Yancy, CW, Singh A. Potential applications of outpatient nesiritide infusions in patients with advanced heart failure and concomitant renal insufficiency (from the Follow-Up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide [FUSIONI] trial). Am. J. Cardiol. 2006;98(2):226–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Piña, I.L., Targum, S.L. (2008). Drug Approval Process for Acute Heart Failure Syndrome in the United States. In: Mebazaa, A., Gheorghiade, M., Zannad, F.M., Parrillo, J.E. (eds) Acute Heart Failure. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_84
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-782-4_84
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-781-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-782-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)