Skip to main content

Single-Molecule Imaging of Fluorescent Proteins Expressed in Living Cells

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 544))

Summary

This chapter focuses on single-molecule imaging (SMI) in living cells using green fluorescent protein (GFP) or its related fluorescent protein tags (GFPs). Use of GFPs is a convenient technique to achieve molecular imaging of most proteins in living cells. However, because of difficulties in preparing samples suitable for SMI and the instability of fluorescence signals, special care is required for SMI using GFPs in living cells. Techniques for vector preparation, protein expression, sample preparation, microscopy, and image processing for SMI of GFPs in living cells are discussed in this chapter, along with examples of imaging applications. Double labeling of single molecules and single-pair fluorescent resonance energy transfer (spFRET) are possible in living cells using GFP and YFP as fluorescent tags. The limitations of SMI using GFPs are also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Funatsu, T., Harada, Y., Tokunaga, M., Saito, K., and Yanagida, T. (1995) Imaging of single fluorescent molecules and individual ATP turnover by single myosin molecules in aqueous solution. Nature 374, 555–559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sase, I., Miyata, H., John, C. E. T., James, C. S., and Kinosita, K. Jr. (1995) Real time imaging of single fluorophores on moving actin with an epifluorescence microscope. Biophys. J. 69, 323–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cornish, P. and Ha, T. (2006) A survey of single molecule techniques in chemical biology. ACS Chem. Biol. 2, 53–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sako, Y. and Yanagida, T. (2003) Single-molecule visualization in cell biology. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, SS1-5.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sako, Y. (2006) Imaging single molecules for systems biology. Mol. Syst. Biol. doi:10.1038/msb4100100.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sako, Y., Hibino, K., Miyauchi, T., Miyamoto, Y., Ueda, M., and Yanagida, T. (2000) Single-molecule imaging of signaling molecules in living cells. Single Mol. 1, 151–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tsien, R. Y. (2005) Building and breeding molecules to spy on cells and tumors. FEBS Lett. 579, 927–932.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kozak, M. (1999) Initiation of translocation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Gene 234,187–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zacharias, D. A., Violin, J. D., Newton, A. C., and Tsien, R. Y. (2002) Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane microdomains of live cells. Science 296, 913–916.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Axelrod, D. (2001) Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in cell biology. Traffic 2, 764–774.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hibino, K., Watanabe, T., Kozuka, J., Iwane, A. H., Okada, T., Kataoka, T., Yanagida, T., and Sako, Y. (2003) Single- and multiple-molecule dynamics of the signaling from H-Ras to c-Raf1 visualized on the plasma membrane of living cells. Chem. Phys. Chem. 4, 748–753.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kusumi, A., Sako, Y., and Yamamoto, M. (1993) Confined lateral diffusion of membrane receptors as studied by single particle tracking (nanovid microscopy). Effects of calcium-induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells. Biophys. J. 65, 2021–2040.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Xie, S. (2001) Single-molecule approach to enzymology. Single Mol. 2, 229–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kinosita K., Ito, H., Ishiwata, S., Hirano, K., Nishizaka, T., and Hayakawa, T (1991) Dual-view microscopy with a single camera: real-time imaging of molecular orientations and calcium. J. Cell Biol. 115, 67–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasushi Sako .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Hibino, K., Hiroshima, M., Takahashi, M., Sako, Y. (2009). Single-Molecule Imaging of Fluorescent Proteins Expressed in Living Cells. In: Foote, R., Lee, J. (eds) Micro and Nano Technologies in Bioanalysis. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 544. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-483-4_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-483-4_30

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-40-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-483-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics