Abstract
B-cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells are key players in protective immunity, but also in autoimmune disease. To understand their various functions in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune pathology, a detailed dissection of their functional diversity is mandatory. This requires a detailed phenotypic classification of the diversity of B-cells. Here, technologies of immunocytometry and ELISpot are described in detail, and their value for phenotypic characterization of cells of the B lineage, as well as for preparative cell sorting, to further characterize them functionally and on the molecular level are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Behring, E. and Kitasato, S. (1980) Über das Zustandekommen der Diphterie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Tieren. D. Medizinische Wochenschrift 49, 41–52.
Fagraeus, A. (1948) The plasma cellular reaction and its relation to the formation of antibodies in vitro. J. Immunol. 58, 1–3.
Nossal, G.J. (2002) One cell, one antibody: prelude and aftermath. Immunol. Rev. 185, 15–23.
Glick, B., Chang, T.S., Japp, R.G. (1956) The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production. Poultry Sc 35, 224.
Cooper, M.D., Raymond, D.A., Peterson, R.D., South, M.A., and Good, R.A. (1966) The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken. J. Exp. Med. 123, 75–102.
Bernard, A.R., Boumsell, L., Dausset, J., Schlossman, S.F. (1984) Leucocyte Typing I., Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Radbruch, A. (1999) Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting. Berlin: Springer.
Herzenberg, L.A. and S.C. De Rosa (2000) Monoclonal antibodies and the FACS: complementary tools for immunobiology and medicine. Immunol. Today 21, 383–90.
Miltenyi, S. et al (1990) High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS. Cytometry, 11, 231–238.
Leyendeckers, H., Odendahl, M., Lohndorf, A., et al. (1999) Correlation analysis between frequencies of circulating antigen-specific IgG-bearing memory B cells and serum titers of antigen-specific IgG. Eur. J. Immunol. 29, 1406–1417.
Janeway, C.A.T., Walport, M., Shlomchik, M. (2001), Immunobiology. 5th ed. New York and London: Garland Publishing.
Rolink, A.G., Nutt, S.L., Melchers, F., and Busslinger, M. (1999) Long-term in vivo reconstitution of T-cell development by Pax5-deficient B-cell progenitors. Nature 401, 603–606.
Nutt, S.L., Heavey, B., Rolin, A.G., and Busslinger, M. (1999) Commitment to the B-lymphoid lineage depends on the transcription factor Pax5. Nature 401, 556–562.
Carsetti, R. (2004) Characterization of B-cell maturation in the peripheral immune system. Methods Mol. Biol. 271, 25–35.
Carsetti, R., Rosado, M.M. and Wardmann, H. (2004) Peripheral development of B cells in mouse and man. Immunol. Rev. 197, 179–191.
Hardy, R.R. and K. Hayakawa (2001) B cell development pathways. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19, 595–621.
Iwakoshi, N.N., A.H. Lee, and L.H. Glimcher (2003) The X-box binding protein-1 transcription factor is required for plasma cell differentiation and the unfolded protein response. Immunol. Rev. 194, 29–38.
Johnson, K., Shapiro-Shelef, M., Tunyaplin, C., and Calame, K. (2005) Regulatory events in early and late B-cell differentiation. Mol. Immunol. 42, 749–761.
Manz, R.A., Hauser, A.E., Hiepe, F., and Radbruch, A. (2005) Maintenance of serum antibody levels. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23, 367–386.
Klein, U., Tu, Y., Stolovitzky, G.A., et al. (2003) Transcriptional analysis of the B cell germinal center reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 2639–2644.
Scheffold, A., Miltenyi, S. and Radbruch, A. (1995) Magnetofluorescent liposomes for increased sensitivity of immunofluorescence. Immunotechnology 1, 127–137.
Wang, Y.H., Stephan, R.P., Scheffold, A., et al. (2002) Differential surrogate light chain expression governs B-cell differentiation. Blood 99, 2459–2467.
Jerne, N.K. and Nordin, A.A. (1963) Plaque formation in agar by single antibodyproducing cells. Science 140, 405.
Czerkinsky, C.C., Nilsson, L.A., Nygren, H., Ouchterlony, O., and Tarkowski, A. (1983) A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for enumeration of specific antibody-secreting cells. J. Immunol. Methods 65,109–121.
Blink, E.J., Light, A., Kallies, A., Nutt, S.L., Hodgkin, P.D., and Tarlinton, D.M. (2005) Early appearance of germinal center-derived memory B cells and plasma cells in blood after primary immunization. J. Exp. Med. 201, 545–554.
Jacobi, A.M., Odendahl, M., Reiter, K., et al. (2003) Correlation between circulating CD27high plasma cells and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 1332–1342.
Manz, R., Assenmacher, M., Pfluger, E., Miltenyi, S., and Radbruch, A. (1995) Analysis and sorting of live cells according to secreted molecules, relocated to a cell-surface affinity matrix. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92,1921–1925.
Boyum, A. (1968) Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl 97, 77–89.
Arce, S., Luger, E., Muehlinghaus, G., et al. (2004) CD38 low IgG-secreting cells are precursors of various CD38 high-expressing plasma cell populations. J. Leukoc. Biol.l 75, 1022–1028.
Assenmacher, M., Lohning, M., Scheffold, A., Manz, R.A., Schmitz, J., and Radbruch, A. (1998) Sequential production of IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 by individual staphylococcal enterotoxin B-activated T helper lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 28,1534–1543.
Odendahl, M., Mei, H., Hoyer, B.F., et al. (2005) Generation of migratory antigen-specific plasma blasts and mobilization of resident plasma cells in a secondary immune response. Blood 105, 1614–1621.
Czerkinsky, C., Moldoveanu, Z., Mestechky, J., Nilsson, L.A., and Ouchterlony, O. (1988) A novel two colour ELISPOT assay. I. Simultaneous detection of distinct types of antibody-secreting cells. J. Immunol. Methods 115, 31–37.
Tangye, S.G., Avery, D.T., Deenick, E.K., and Hodgkin, P.D. (2003) Intrinsic differences in the proliferation of Naive and Memory Human B cells as a Mechanism for Enhanced Secondary Immune Response. J. Immunol. 170, 686–694.
Chung, J.B., Silverman, M., and Monroe, J.G. (2003) Transitional B cells: step by step towards immune competence. Trends Immunol. 24, 343–349.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mei, H.E. et al. (2007). Phenotypic Analysis of B-Cells and Plasma Cells. In: Cope, A.P. (eds) Arthritis Research. Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 136. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-402-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-402-5_1
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-918-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-402-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols