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Using Synthetic Peptides for Exploring Protein-Protein Interactions in the Assembly of the NADPH Oxidase Complex

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NADPH Oxidases

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1982))

Abstract

The NADPH oxidase complex, responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by phagocytes, consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of NOX2 and p22phox) and the cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, Rac(1 or 2), and p40phox. NOX2 carries all redox stations through which electrons flow from NADPH to molecular oxygen, to generate the primary ROS, superoxide. For the electron flow to start, a conformational change in NOX2 is required. The dominant hypothesis is that this change is the result of the interaction of NOX2 with one or more of the cytosolic components (NADPH oxidase assembly). At the most basic level, assembly is the sum of several protein-protein interactions among oxidase components. This chapter describes a reductionist approach to the identification of regions in oxidase components involved in assembly. This approach consists of “transforming” one component in an array of overlapping synthetic peptides and assessing binding to the peptides of another component, represented by a recombinant protein. The peptides are tagged with biotin, at the N- or C-terminus, and immobilized on streptavidin-coated 96-well plates. The protein partners are expressed with a 6His tag and added to the plates in the fluid phase. Binding of the protein to the peptides is quantified by a kinetic ELISA , using a peroxidase-conjugated anti-polyhistidine antibody. Protein-peptide binding assays were applied successfully to (a) identifying the binding site on one component (represented by peptides) for another component (proteins), (b) precisely defining the “binding sequence,” (c) acquiring information on the binding site in the partner protein, (d) investigating the effect of conformational changes in proteins on binding to peptides, (e) determining the effect of physicochemical modification of peptides on binding of proteins, and (f) identifying epitopes recognized by anti-oxidase component antibodies by binding of antibody to peptide arrays derived from the component.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants No. 49/09, 300/13, and 144/17 from the Israel Science Foundation, by the Roberts Fund, by the Joseph and Shulamit Salomon Fund, and by the Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery of Tel Aviv University. Edgar Pick would like to thank his collaborators and students, without whom this work would not have been possible, at both the practical and conceptual levels. These comprise Drs. Gili Joseph, Giora Morozov, Iris Dahan, Irina Issaeva, Ofra Lotan, Natalia Sigal, Yevgeny Berdichevsky, Anat Zahavi, Rive Sarfstein, Ariel Mizrahi, Maya Amichai, and Edna Bechor and Ms. Tania Fradin, Mrs. Yara Gorzalczany, Mr. Shahar Molshanski-Mor, and Mrs. Meirav Rafalowski.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Edgar Pick

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  1. Edgar Pick
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Correspondence to Edgar Pick .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Ulla G. Knaus

  2. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Thomas L. Leto

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Pick, E. (2019). Using Synthetic Peptides for Exploring Protein-Protein Interactions in the Assembly of the NADPH Oxidase Complex. In: Knaus, U., Leto, T. (eds) NADPH Oxidases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1982. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_23

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9423-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9424-3

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