Definition
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mediates entry into target cells. Binding of Env to cellular attachment-promoting factors (attachment factors) is frequently unspecific and generally dispensable for entry. However, engagement of attachment factors can profoundly augment HIV infectivity and might impact viral tropism and spread. The lectin DC-SIGN is an archetypic attachment factor, which can facilitate capture of infectious HIV by dendritic cells and might impact HIV transmission and dissemination.
Introduction
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses its envelope protein (Env) as a key for entry into target cells, mainly CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Env is synthesized as a polyprotein in the constitutive secretory pathway of infected cells. An N-terminal signal sequence mediates import of the nascent protein into the endoplasmic reticulum where Env is extensively modified by high-mannose glycans (Scanlan et al. 2007). Upon...
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Acknowledgments
We thank Jan Münch and Heike Hofmann for the helpful comments and the Leibniz foundation and SFB 900 for funding.
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Karsten, C., Pöhlmann, S. (2018). Attachment/Binding. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_61
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