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Theory of Active Suspensions

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Complex Fluids in Biological Systems

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

Active suspensions, of which a bath of swimming microorganisms is a paradigmatic example, denote large collections of individual particles or macromolecules capable of converting fuel into mechanical work and microstructural stresses. Such systems, which have excited much research in the last decade, exhibit complex dynamical behaviors such as large-scale correlated motions and pattern formation due to hydrodynamic interactions. In this chapter, we summarize efforts to model these systems using particle simulations and continuum kinetic theories. After reviewing results from experiments and simulations, we present a general kinetic model for a suspension of self-propelled rodlike particles and discuss its stability and nonlinear dynamics. We then address extensions of this model that capture the effect of steric interactions in concentrated systems, the impact of confinement and interactions with boundaries, and the effect of the suspending medium rheology. Finally, we discuss new active systems such as those that involve the interactions of biopolymers with immersed motor proteins and surface-bound suspensions of chemically powered particles.

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Acknowledgment

We thank our many students and postdocs that have worked with us on the topic of active suspensions and materials. We also much appreciate the editorial patience extended to us during the preparation of this chapter. DS acknowledges the support of NSF grants DMS-0920931 and CBET-1150590 (CAREER). MJS acknowledges the support of NSF grants DMR-0820341 (NYU MRSEC), DMS-0920930, DOE grant DE-FG02-88ER25053, and NIH grant R01 GM104976-03.

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    David Saintillan

  2. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA

    Michael J. Shelley

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  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Saverio E. Spagnolie

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Saintillan, D., Shelley, M.J. (2015). Theory of Active Suspensions. In: Spagnolie, S. (eds) Complex Fluids in Biological Systems. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2065-5_9

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