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Beyond the Island: Epigenetic Biomarkers of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer

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Book cover Cancer Epigenetics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1238))

Abstract

Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature across all cancer types. Epigenetic mechanisms, from DNA methylation to histone modifications, allow for a vast number of cellular phenotypes to be created from the same genetic material. Just as certain genetic changes play a key role in tumor initiation and progression, epigenetic changes may also set the course of tumor development and be required for malignant transformation. The most frequently studied epigenetic changes investigated thus far are global genomic DNA hypomethylation along with specific hypermethylation, predominantly at promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In addition to DNA methylation changes at CpG islands, there is an abundance of other epigenetic alterations occurring within cancer cells including DNA methylation alterations outside of CpG islands, non-CpG methylation, changes in cytosine oxidative species (hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, carboxylcytosine) levels, and histone modifications. This chapter examines epigenetic alterations beyond the island, and summarizes recent findings in DNA-based epigenetic regulation of the two most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Western world: colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Bharati Bapat is funded by Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (#10NOV-412), Prostate Cancer Canada (#2011-700), The Bill and Kathleen Troost Innovation Grant for Canadian Cancer Society (grant #701456), and the Ontario Research Fund Global Leadership Round in Genomics and Life Sciences (GL2, ORF-RE File# GL2-01-043), and Prostate Cancer Canada and the Movember Foundation (Grant#TAG2014-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Andrea J. Savio & Bharati Bapat Ph.D.

  2. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, 60 Murray Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 3L9

    Andrea J. Savio & Bharati Bapat Ph.D.

  3. Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Bharati Bapat Ph.D.

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  1. Andrea J. Savio
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  2. Bharati Bapat Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Bharati Bapat Ph.D. .

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  1. National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Mukesh Verma

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Savio, A.J., Bapat, B. (2015). Beyond the Island: Epigenetic Biomarkers of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer. In: Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1238. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_6

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